@article{Marcinko_2022, title={“A little war that shook the court”: comment on the judgement of the European Court of Human Rights in the case of Georgia v. Russia (ii) of 21 January 2021}, volume={11}, url={https://czasopisma.uksw.edu.pl/index.php/priel/article/view/9915}, DOI={10.21697/2022.11.1.05}, abstractNote={<p><span class="TextRun SCXW136134702 BCX0" lang="EN-GB" xml:lang="EN-GB" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW136134702 BCX0">The long-awaited judg</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW136134702 BCX0">e</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW136134702 BCX0">ment of the European Court of Human Rights in the case of </span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW136134702 BCX0" lang="EN-GB" xml:lang="EN-GB" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW136134702 BCX0">Georgia v. Russia (II)</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW136134702 BCX0" lang="EN-GB" xml:lang="EN-GB" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW136134702 BCX0"> of </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW136134702 BCX0">21 </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW136134702 BCX0">January 2021 evokes rather ambivalent </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW136134702 BCX0">assessment</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW136134702 BCX0">. On the one hand, the </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW136134702 BCX0">Court</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW136134702 BCX0"> found that the Russian authorities </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW136134702 BCX0">were</span> <span class="NormalTextRun SCXW136134702 BCX0">responsible for systematic violations of human rights</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW136134702 BCX0"> related to Russia’s</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW136134702 BCX0"> participation in the </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW136134702 BCX0">“</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW136134702 BCX0">five-day war</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW136134702 BCX0">”</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW136134702 BCX0">, and on the other hand, the </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW136134702 BCX0">Court</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW136134702 BCX0"> limited this </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW136134702 BCX0">responsibility</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW136134702 BCX0"> only to the </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW136134702 BCX0">“</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW136134702 BCX0">occupation phase</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW136134702 BCX0">”</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW136134702 BCX0">, i.e. </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW136134702 BCX0">the period </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW136134702 BCX0">after the ceasefire on 12 August 2008. As for the </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW136134702 BCX0">“</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW136134702 BCX0">active phase of </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW136134702 BCX0">hostilities</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW136134702 BCX0">”</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW136134702 BCX0">, i.e. the period of armed clashes from 8 to 12 August 2008, the Court found that due to the lack of </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW136134702 BCX0">“</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW136134702 BCX0">effective control</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW136134702 BCX0">”</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW136134702 BCX0"> by Russia, the Court could not apply any model of jurisdiction to any of the alleged violations of the </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW136134702 BCX0">R</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW136134702 BCX0">ight to </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW136134702 BCX0">L</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW136134702 BCX0">ife under the E</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW136134702 BCX0">CHR</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW136134702 BCX0">. This commen</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW136134702 BCX0">t</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW136134702 BCX0"> is an analysis of the reasoning of the Court in relation to the most important issues in this </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW136134702 BCX0">case</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW136134702 BCX0">: extraterritorial jurisdiction in the context of international armed conflict (including the issue</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW136134702 BCX0">s</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW136134702 BCX0"> of effective control over an area and State agent authority and control over individuals), the relationship between the ECHR and international humanitarian law and the investigative obligation under Article 2 of the ECHR.</span></span></p>}, number={1}, journal={Polish Review of International and European Law}, author={Marcinko, Marcin}, year={2022}, month={Jun.}, pages={117–149} }