2026, 24, X: xx-yy

p-ISSN 1733-1218; e-ISSN 2719-826X

http://doi.org/10.21697/seb.xxxx

Type of the Paper (Research Article, Review Article, Report etc.)

Title

First name Last name1, First name Last name2, and First name Last name1*

1 Affiliation 1;

2 Affiliation 2;

* Corresponding author: e-mail@e-mail.com; (if there are multiple corresponding authors, add author initials)

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0000-XXXX-YYYY; (if there are multiple authors, add the author’s initials before each ORCIDs, e.g., A.A. https://orcid.org/…; B.B. https://orcid.org/….).

Received: YYYY-MM-DD; Revised: YYYY-MM-DD; Accepted: YYYY-MM-DD; Pre-published: YYYY-MM-DD;

Abstract

A single paragraph of about 150-200 words. Abstract may have different patterns. In case of social, natural and engineering sciences, an abstract usually consists of: (1) introduction (purpose and importance of research), (2) methods, (3) findings and (4) discussion. The proportions of these elements are usually as follows: (1) 25%, (2) 25%, (3) 35% and (4) 15% of the abstract. In the humanities, this scheme is usually less formal, however, an article abstract should concisely present: 1) the addressed problem, 2) the purpose of the study, 3) its findings, and 4) conclusions. The abstract should be an objective representation of the article, and it must not contain results that are not presented and substantiated in the main text and should not exaggerate the main conclusions.

Keywords:

keyword 1, keyword 2, keyword 3. (List three to ten pertinent keywords specific to the article yet reasonably common within the subject discipline. Where appropriate, add Sustainable Development Goal identifiers (e.g., "SDG 13") as keywords when the article explicitly addresses the SDGs.)

0. How to Use This Template

The template details the sections that can be used in a manuscript. Note that each section has a corresponding style, which can be found in the “Styles” menu of Word. Use the built-in Word heading styles (Heading 1, Heading 2, Heading 3) consistently according to the hierarchy of sections and subsections; do not create headings by manually changing font size or applying bold. Sections that are not mandatory are listed as such. The section titles given are for articles. Review papers and other article types have a more flexible structure.

If generative AI (GenAI) tools have been used for any part of the work (for example, for generating or polishing text, supporting data collection, data analysis, or interpretation of results), please declare this in the Statements section, subsection “Acknowledgments”, at the end of the manuscript (before References). The declaration should briefly describe which tool was used and for which specific task. The total length of the submitted manuscript (including abstract, main text, references and all Statements) should not exceed 40,000 characters with spaces, which corresponds approximately to 6,000–6,500 words.

The entire Section 0, including this text, must be removed before submitting the article. If you have any questions or doubts, please visit the journal’s website (https://czasopisma.uksw.edu.pl/index.php/seb) and click the “For authors” tab, or contact the journal’s editorial office at seib@uksw.edu.pl. The journal accepts submissions in English only.

1. Introduction

The introduction should briefly place the study in a broad context and highlight why it is important. It should define the purpose of the work and its significance. The current state of the research field should be carefully reviewed and key publications cited. Finally, briefly mention the main aim of the work and highlight the principal conclusions. As far as possible, please keep the introduction comprehensible to scientists outside your particular field of research. References should be provided according to the in-text citations (Author–Date, pages) adjusted to the Chicago Citation Style. See the end of the document for further details on references.

2. Section 2

In social, natural and engineering sciences, the Materials and Methods section should describe the research design, data collection and analysis in enough detail so that another researcher could replicate the study. Please specify the study site or population, sampling strategy, instruments or tools used, and the main statistical or analytical methods. In humanities and theoretical papers, this section may be less formal, but it should still clearly explain the sources, concepts and methods that structure your argument.

Research manuscripts reporting large datasets that are deposited in a publicly available database should specify where the data have been deposited and provide the relevant accession numbers. If the accession numbers have not yet been obtained at the time of submission, please state that they will be provided during review. They must be provided prior to publication.

Interventionary studies involving animals or humans, and other studies that require ethical approval, must list the authority that provided approval and the corresponding ethical approval code.

3. Section 3

Any section may be divided by subheadings. It should provide a concise and precise description of the experimental results, their interpretation, as well as the experimental conclusions that can be drawn.

3.1. Subsection

The text continues here.

3.1.1. Subsubsection

The text continues here.

For all bullet points and numbered items, use Word’s built-in bulleted and numbered list styles instead of typing dashes or numbers manually.

Bulleted lists look like this:

First bullet;

Second bullet;

Third bullet.

3.1.2. Subsubsection

Numbered lists can be added as follows:

First item;

Second item;

Third item.

The text continues here.

3.2. Figures, Tables and Schemes

If the authors wish to provide the reader with data in the form of large tables, figures or supplementary materials, they should present them only in general terms in the body of the manuscript, interpret them appropriately, and refer to them. The detailed data should be included in the Appendix at the end of the manuscript.

All figures and tables should be cited in the main text as Figure 1, Table 1, etc.

Figure 1. This is a figure. Schemes follow the same formatting.

Figure accessibility (alt text for visually impaired readers)

In accordance with the requirements of the European Accessibility Act (EAA) and WCAG 2.1 AA, every figure (photo, drawing, diagram, map, chart, logo, etc.) in the manuscript must have an alternative text (alt text) that can be read aloud by screen readers for visually impaired users.

In Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae, authors are asked not to insert alt text directly into the figure properties in the article file. Instead, please prepare a separate Word file with alt texts for all figures in your manuscript.

Please follow these rules:

Create a separate Word file titled, for example: “Alt text for figures – [short title of the article]”.

In this file, list all figures in the order in which they appear in the manuscript. For each figure, first write its caption, then add the alt text on a new line.

Example structure in the separate file:

Figure 1. Title of the figure

Alt text: …

Figure 2. Title of the figure

Alt text: …

For charts and graphs, the alt text should mention the variables on each axis, the units, the time period (if applicable) and the main trend or comparison (for example, which group has the highest value).

The alt text should be short and informative (usually 1–3 sentences) and should explain what the figure shows and why it is important for the article.

Describe the essential information that a sighted reader gets from the figure (for example, main objects, relationships, trends in a chart, key labels), not every visual detail.

Do not rely on the caption alone. If the caption contains key information (for example, interpretation of the data), summarise this information also in the alt text.

Do not use empty or generic phrases such as “image”, “picture”, “decorative photo” without content. If a figure is purely decorative and contains no relevant information, please mark it explicitly as: “Alt text: decorative image – no informational content.”

Example of an alt text for a chart:

“Line chart showing annual CO₂ emissions from 1990 to 2020 in three countries (A, B and C). Country A has the highest emissions and shows a steady increase; Country B is stable; Country C shows a clear decrease after 2005.”

The alt text must be factually accurate and consistent with the main text; the author is responsible for its correctness.

These descriptions are required to ensure that readers who are blind, partially sighted or deaf-blind can access the same information as sighted readers.

Table 1. This is a table. Tables should be placed in the main text near to the first time they are cited.

For each table, provide a short description that briefly states what type of data are presented, names the main columns and indicates the units of measurement where applicable. Write this description in a concise form (usually no more than 2–3 sentences) so that readers with disabilities can quickly understand the essential content of the table and the general trends in the results. Place the short description of each table between the table title (caption) and the table itself.

Title 1	Title 2	Title 3
entry 1	data	data
entry 2	data	data 1

1 Tables may have a footer.

Table accessibility (structure and description for visually impaired readers)

In accordance with the European Accessibility Act (EAA) and WCAG 2.1 AA, all tables must be formatted and described in a way that allows screen readers to convey their content to visually impaired users.

Please follow these rules when preparing tables:

Use real Word tables, not images. Do not insert tables as pictures or screenshots.

Define a clear header row. The first row of the table should contain concise, meaningful column headings. Mark this row as a header row in Word (Table Design → Header Row), so that screen readers can read it as headers for each column.

Keep the structure simple. Avoid complex layouts such as multiple header rows, nested tables, heavily merged cells, or empty rows/columns used only for spacing.

Explain all abbreviations and units used in the table, either in the table itself or in the caption/footnote.

Provide a short description of the table. Immediately after the table caption and before the table, include 1–3 sentences that summarise:

what the table presents (variables, groups, time period, units)

the key information or trends (for example, which value is highest/lowest or what the main difference between groups is).

Do not rely on visual formatting only. Information conveyed by colours, bold text or shading must also be expressed in words (e.g. “Values in bold indicate statistically significant differences at p < 0.05”).

The author is responsible for ensuring that the table content and its description are factually accurate and consistent with the main text.

These requirements are meant to ensure that readers who are blind or partially sighted can access the same information contained in the tables as sighted readers.

The text continues here (Figure 2 and Table 2).

(a)	(b)

Figure 2. This is a figure. Schemes follow another format. If there are multiple panels, they should be listed as: (a) Description of what is contained in the first panel; (b) Description of what is contained in the second panel. Figures should be placed in the main text near to the first time they are cited.

Table 2. This is a table. Tables should be placed in the main text near to the first time they are cited.

Title 1	Title 2	Title 3	Title 4
entry 1 *	data	data	data
data	data	data
data	data	data
entry 2	data	data	data
data	data	data
entry 3	data	data	data
data	data	data
data	data	data
entry 4	data	data	data
data	data	data

* Tables may have a footer.

3.3. Formatting of Mathematical Components

This is example 1 of an equation:

a = 1,	(1)

the text following an equation need not be a new paragraph. Please punctuate equations as regular text.

This is example 2 of an equation:

a = b + c + d + e + f + g + h + i + j + k + l + m + n + o + p + q + r + s + t + u + v + w + x + y + z	(2)

the text following an equation need not be a new paragraph. Please punctuate equations as regular text.

The text continues here.

4. Section 4

The text continues here.

5. Conclusions

The text continues here.

Statements

If a given category does not apply to the article, please leave the phrase ‘Not applicable’ and do not remove the heading.

Author Contributions: For research articles with several authors, a short paragraph specifying their individual contributions must be provided. The following statements should be used (with initials of the authors inserted in place of X.X., Y.Y., Z.Z.):

“Conceptualization, X.X. and Y.Y.; methodology, X.X.; software, X.X.; validation, X.X., Y.Y. and Z.Z.; formal analysis, X.X.; investigation, X.X.; resources, X.X.; data curation, X.X.; writing—original draft preparation, X.X.; writing—review and editing, X.X.; visualization, X.X.; supervision, X.X.; project administration, X.X.; funding acquisition, Y.Y. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.” For a detailed explanation of these contribution terms, please refer to the journal’s instructions for authors on the website.

Funding: Please add: “This research received no external funding” or “This research was funded by NAME OF FUNDER, grant number XXX”. Check carefully that the details given are accurate and use the standard spelling of funding agency names. Any errors may affect your future funding.

Institutional Review Board Statement: If the study did not require ethical approval (for example, it is based solely on publicly available documents or non-intervention secondary data), please write: “Not applicable.” Do not remove this heading from the manuscript. If the study did require ethical approval (for example, it involves human participants, personal data or experiments on animals), please add a statement such as: “The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board (or Ethics Committee) of NAME OF INSTITUTION (protocol code XXX and date of approval).”.

Data Availability Statement: We encourage all authors of articles published in Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University journals to share their research data. However, this statement is not mandatory. In this section, please provide details regarding where data supporting reported results can be found, including links to publicly archived datasets analyzed or generated during the study.

Acknowledgments: In this section, you can acknowledge any support given which is not covered by the author contribution or funding sections. This may include administrative and technical support, or donations in kind (e.g., materials used for experiments). Where GenAI has been used for purposes such as generating text, data, or graphics, or for study design, data collection, analysis, or interpretation of data, please add “During the preparation of this manuscript/study, the author(s) used [tool name, version information] for the purposes of [description of use]. The authors have reviewed and edited the output and take full responsibility for the content of this publication.”

Conflicts of Interest: Declare conflicts of interest or state “The authors declare no conflicts of interest.” Authors must identify and declare any personal circumstances or interest that may be perceived as inappropriately influencing the representation or interpretation of reported research results. Any role of the funders in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to publish the results must be declared in this section. If there is no role, please state “The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to publish the results”.

Appendix A

Appendix A.1

The appendix is an optional section that can contain details and data supplemental to the main text—for example, explanations of experimental details that would disrupt the flow of the main text but nonetheless remain crucial to understanding and reproducing the research shown; figures of replicates for experiments of which representative data is shown in the main text can be added here if brief, or as Supplementary data. Mathematical proofs of results not central to the paper can be added as an appendix.

Table A1. This is a table caption.

Title 1	Title 2	Title 3
entry 1	data	data
entry 2	data	data

Appendix B

All appendix sections must be cited in the main text. In the appendices, Figures, Tables, etc. should be labeled starting with “A”—e.g., Figure A1, Figure A2, etc.

References

References must follow the Chicago author–date citation style (17th edition), adapted to the journal’s guidelines. In the main text, use in-text citations with author’s surname, year of publication and, where relevant, page number (e.g. “Jonas 1984, 25–27”). At the end of the manuscript, provide a reference list in alphabetical order by authors’ surnames, including all works cited in the text and only those works. Pay special attention to consistency of punctuation, italics and the order of elements (author, year, title, publication data). Remember that, according to the Chicago Citation Style, we require the full first names; initials are insufficient. In the reference list, we provide the surname followed by the first name for the first author only. For all subsequent authors, we provide the first name(s) followed by the surname. Detailed rules and additional examples are available on the journal’s website in the “For authors” section (Citation Style Guide).

As an optional aid, authors may use online citation generators (e.g. Citethisforme). The journal does not endorse any specific commercial product, and all references must ultimately comply with the Chicago author–date style as outlined in our guidelines.

Reference List Entries (in alphabetical order).

Book

Kitamura, Katie. 2017. A Separation. New York: Riverhead Books.

Sassler, Sharon, and Amanda Jayne Miller. 2017. Cohabitation Nation: Gender, Class, and the Remaking of Relationships. Oakland: University of California Press.

In-text citations

(Kitamura 2017, 25)

(Sassler and Miller 2017, 114)

Chapter or other part of an edited book

In the reference list, include the page range for the chapter or part. In the text, cite specific pages.

Rowlandson, Mary. 2016. “The Narrative of My Captivity.” In The Making of the American Essay, edited by John D’Agata, 19–56. Minneapolis: Graywolf Press.

In-text citations

(Rowlandson 2016, 19–20)

Journal article

In the reference list, include the page range for the whole article and a book chapter. In the text, cite specific page numbers. Many journal articles list a DOI (Digital Object Identifier). A DOI is a permanent identifier that forms a stable URL beginning with https://doi.org/10.xxxx/xxxx. When a DOI is available, include it at the end of the reference in this URL form (https://doi.org/…). This DOI-based URL is preferable to long database-specific links (for example, from JSTOR or ScienceDirect), because it remains valid even when the article is moved between platforms. For sources without a DOI, provide a short, stable URL to the journal, book or repository where the material can be accessed, or omit the URL if the source is a standard print-only publication.

Keng, Shao-Hsun, Chun-Hung Lin, and Peter F. Orazem. 2017. “Expanding College Access in Taiwan, 1978–2014: Effects on Graduate Quality and Income Inequality.” Journal of Human Capital 11, no. 1 (Spring): 1–34. https://doi.org/10.1086/690235.

LaSalle, Peter. 2017. “Conundrum: A Story about Reading.” New England Review 38 (1): 95–109. Project MUSE.

Pérez, Ashley Hope. 2017. “Material Morality and the Logic of Degrees in Diderot’s Le neveu de Rameau.” Modern Philology 114, no. 4 (May): 872–898. https://doi.org/10.1086/689836.

In-text citations

(Keng, Lin, and Orazem 2017, 9–10)

(LaSalle 2017, 95)

(Pérez 2017, 874)