Published: 2025-09-26

Criminal law protection of religious freedom in Poland in the context of art. 194 of the Polish Penal Code of 1997

Paulina Jabłońska
LIBERTAS RELIGIOSA Studium interdyscyplinarne wolności religijnej
Section: Artykuły
https://doi.org/10.21697/lr.11996

Abstract

The objective of this article is to present the concepts related to the scope and reasons for the criminalization of acts harmful to freedom of religion. Freedom of conscience and confession is one of the fundamental human rights and the basis of democratic society. Penal and legal protection of freedom of religion is therefore essential. It should be emphasized that a person with their own worldview has the right to protect it, and the state is obliged to support this right. In order to fully understand the aspects mentioned in this work, related to the protection of religious feelings, Article 194 of the Penal Code was also analyzed and interpreted. Religious discrimination takes place only when the offender acts intentionally and his actions are determined by a particular motivation of worldview or confession of the victim.

Keywords:

protection of religious, criminal responsibility,, religious freedom, religious discrimination,, riminal law

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Citation rules

Jabłońska, P. (2025). Criminal law protection of religious freedom in Poland in the context of art. 194 of the Polish Penal Code of 1997. LIBERTAS RELIGIOSA Studium Interdyscyplinarne wolności Religijnej, 2, 49–66. https://doi.org/10.21697/lr.11996

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