The European Union and the Violation of the Right to Self-determination. The Cases of Western Sahara and the Occupied Palestinian Territory

Gloria Fernández Arribas

doi:10.21697/2024.13.2.03

Opublikowane: 2025-02-27

Tom 13 Nr 2 (2024)

The European Union and the Violation of the Right to Self-determination. The Cases of Western Sahara and the Occupied Palestinian Territory

Gloria Fernández Arribas

Polish Review of International and European Law

Dział: Artykuły

https://doi.org/10.21697/2024.13.2.03

Abstrakt

Self-determination constitutes today one of the basic principles of international law. It is enshrined in the United Nations Charter and is part of the list of principles proclaimed last century in General Assembly Resolution 2625 (XXV), without a vote. The Resolution consecrated what were believed to be the essential principles to guarantee
peace among states. It was adopted at specific historical time, when new states had access to the international community. These states were seeking to find their place in a world divided by an east-west confrontation which would mark international relations in the years to come.

Słowa kluczowe:

Self-Determination, European Union, Palestine, Western Sahara

Pobierz pliki

Zasady cytowania

Arribas, G. F. (2025). The European Union and the Violation of the Right to Self-determination. The Cases of Western Sahara and the Occupied Palestinian Territory. Polish Review of International and European Law, 13(2), 81–107. https://doi.org/10.21697/2024.13.2.03

Cited by / Share

Licencja

Utwór dostępny jest na licencji Creative Commons Uznanie autorstwa – Użycie niekomercyjne 4.0 Międzynarodowe.

Bibliografia

Allan, Joanna. “Natural resources and intifada: oil, phosphates and resistance to colonialism in Western Sahara.” The Journal of North African Studies 21, no. 4, (2016): 645-666.
Google Scholar

Beaucillon, Charlotte. “Setting the Multiple Functions of Customary International Law in the EU Legal Order: Poulsen.” In EU External Relations Law: The Cases in Context, edited by Graham Butler and Ramses A. Wessel. Oxford: Hart Publishing, 2022.
Google Scholar

Cardwell, Paul James. “The Application of EU International Agreements to Occupied and Disputed Territories: Brita.” In EU External Relations Law: The Cases in Context, edited by Graham Butler and Ramses A Wessel. Oxford: Hart Publishing, 2022.
Google Scholar

Farsakh, Leila. “Introduction: The Struggle for Self-Determination and the Palestinian Quest for Statehood.” In Rethinking Statehood in Palestine. Self-Determination and Decolonization Beyond Partition, edited by Leila Farsakh. Oakland: University of California Press, 2021.
Google Scholar

Fatouros, Arghyrios. “International Law and the Third World.” Virginia Law Review 50, no. 5 (1964): 783-823.
Google Scholar

Giannelli, Alessandra. “Customary International Law in the European Union.” In International Law as Law of the European Union, edited by Enzo Cannizzaro, et al. Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff, 2012.
Google Scholar

Hilpold, Peter. “Self-determination at the European Courts. The Front Polisario Case or ‘The Unintended Awakening of a Giant’.” European papers: a journal on law and integration 2, no. 3 (2017): 907-921.
Google Scholar

Hilpold, Peter. “‘Humanizing’ the Law of Self-Determination – the Chagos Island Case.” Nordic Journal of International Law 91, no. 2 (2022): 189-215.
Google Scholar

Hofbauer, Jane A. Sovereignty in the Exercise of the Right to Self-Determination. Leiden: Brill, 2016.
Google Scholar

Imseis, Ardi. “Negotiating the Illegal: On the United Nations and the Illegal Occupation of Palestine, 1967–2020.” The European Journal of International Law 31, no. 3 (2020): 1055-1085.
Google Scholar

Kassoti, Eva. “Between völkerrechtsfreundlichkeit and realpolitik: the EU and trade agreements covering occupied territories.” The Italian Yearbook of International Law Online 26, no. 1 (2017): 139-170.
Google Scholar

Kassoti, Eva. “The EU and Western Sahara: An Assessment of Recent Developments.” European Law Review 43, no. 5 (2018): 751-769.
Google Scholar

Kassoti, Eva. “Between Sollen and Sein: The CJEU’s reliance on international law in the interpretation of economic agreements covering occupied territories.” Leiden Journal of International Law 33, no. 2 (2020): 371-389.
Google Scholar

Kuijper, Pieter J. “Customary International Law, Decisions of International Organisations and Other Techniques for Ensuring Respect for International Legal Rules in European Community Law.” In The europeanisation of international law: the status of international law in the EU and its member states, edited by Jan Wouters, André Nollkaemper, Erika de Wet. The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press, 2008.
Google Scholar

Kohen, Marcelo. “Sur quelques vicissitudes du droit des peuples à disposer d'eux-mêmes.” In Droit du pouvoir, pouvoir du droit. Mélanges offerts à Jean Salmon. Bruxelles: Bruylant, 2007.
Google Scholar

Kohen, Marcelo. “Self-Determination.” In The UN Friendly Relations Declaration at 50: An Assessment of the Fundamental Principles of International Law, edited by Jorge Viñuales. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2020.
Google Scholar

Lavati, Hugh. “Western Sahara, Morocco, and the EU: How good law makes good politics.” European Council on Foreign Relations, 2021.
Google Scholar

Maccorquodale, Robert. “Self-Determination: A Human Rights Approach.” The International and Comparative Law Quarterly 43, no. 4 (1994): 857-885.
Google Scholar

Moerenhout, Tom. “The Obligation to Withhold from Trading in Order Not to Recognize and Assist Settlements and their Economic Activity in Occupied Territories.” Journal of International Humanitarian Legal Studies 3. No. 2 (2012): 344-385.
Google Scholar

Orakhelashvili, Alexander. “Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory: Opinion and Reaction.” Journal of Conflict and Security Law 11, no. 1 (2006): 119-139.
Google Scholar

Raic, David. Statehood and the Law of Self-Determination. Leiden, Boston: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 2002.
Google Scholar

Saul, Ben. “The status of Western Sahara as occupied territory under international humanitarian law and the exploitation of natural resources.” Global Change, Peace & Security 27, no. 3 (2015): 305-330.
Google Scholar

Scobbie, Iain. “Unchart(er)ed Waters?: Consequences of the Advisory Opinion on the Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory for the Responsibility of the UN for Palestine.” The European Journal of International Law 16, no. 5 (2006) Natural resources and the Western Sahara: 941-961.
Google Scholar

Shelly, Toby. “Natural resources and the Western Sahara.” In The Western Sahara conflict. The Role of Natural Resources in Decolonization, edited by Claes Olsson. Nordiska Afrikainstitutet, 2006.
Google Scholar

Smith, Jeffrey J. “The taking of the Sahara: the role of natural resources in the continuing occupation of Western Sahara.” Global Change, Peace & Security 27, no. 3 (2015): 263-284.
Google Scholar

Soroeta, Juan. “The Conflict in Western Sahara After Forty Years of Occupation: International Law versus Realpolitik.” German Yearbook of International Law 59, (2016): 187-222.
Google Scholar

Sparks, Tom. Self-Determination in the International Legal System. Whose Claim, to What Right?. London: Hart Publishing, 2023.
Google Scholar

Van Elsuwege, Peter. “The EU and non-recognized territories: lessons from the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union.” In Unrecognized Entities. Perspectives in International, European and Constitutional Law, edited by Benedikt C. Harzl and Roman Petrov. Leiden; Boston: Brill Nijhoff 2021.
Google Scholar

Van Vooren, Bart and Wessel, Ramses A. EU External Relations Law: Text, Cases and Materials. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014.
Google Scholar

Villani, Ugo. “La Cour de justice de l’Union européenne et le droit à l’autodétermination du peuple sahraoui.” In Liber amicorum in Onore di Antonio Tizzano: de la Cour CECA à la Cour de l'Union: le long parcours de la justice européenne, edited Roberto Adam, Vincenzo Cannizzaro, Massimo Condinanzi. Turin: Giappichelli, 2018.
Google Scholar

Waelbroeck, “Israel’s occupation of Palestine and EU reaction: towards a common European policy.” In A Scot without Borders: Liber Amicorum, edited by David A. O. Edward, Jacquelyn F. MacLennan, and Assimakis P. Komninos. New York, USA: Concurrences Review, 2015.
Google Scholar

Weiner, Jerome B. “The Green March in Historical Perspective.” Middle East Journal (33), no. 1 (1979): 20-33.
Google Scholar