Freedom, True and Morality in Politics and in International Relations

Andrzej Kurnicki

doi:10.26142/stgd-2023-022

Published: 2023-12-27

Vol. 53 (2023)

Freedom, True and Morality in Politics and in International Relations

Andrzej Kurnicki

Gdańsk Studies

Section: Artykuły

https://doi.org/10.26142/stgd-2023-022

Abstract

The United States is a federal republic whose citizens enjoy a dynamic political system, a strong tradition of the rule of law, robust freedom of speech and religious belief, and a wide range of other civil liberties. The First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution prevents the government from enacting laws that: govern the establishment of religion; prohibit the free exercise of religion; restriction of freedom of speech, freedom of the press and freedom of assembly.

There is a growing tendency in global politics, academia and in diplomacy to accept hegemon state status and tendency to dominate all-important aspect of global power. The freedom and moral standards are rather viewing as a political ballast because man by nature and the states in particularly has a boundless wish for unrestricted power and to promote self-national interest regardless of international law, custom, culture or tradition.

The XXI century crisis of freedom is at the root of the crisis of truth. In the conceptually contemporary world, John Paul II's voice clearly showed the inseparable link between freedom and truth. Pope philosophy of freedom is contrary to the concept of freedom from values, so widespread in contemporary culture, especially in the USA.

Key words; freedom, morality, true, John Paul II, realism, natural law.

Keywords:

freedom, morality, true, John Paul II, realism, natural law

Download files

PDF

Citation rules

Kurnicki, A. (2023). Freedom, True and Morality in Politics and in International Relations. Gdańsk Studies, 53, 145–154. https://doi.org/10.26142/stgd-2023-022

Cited by / Share

Licence

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

References

John Paul II. 1995. Adress of His Holiness John Paul II. The Fiftieth General Assembly of the UN; United Nations Headquarters (New York). https://www.vatican.va/content/john-paulii/en/speeches/1995/october/documents/hf_jp-ii_spe_05101995_address-to-uno.html
Google Scholar

John Paul II. 1999. Post -Synodal Apostolic Exhortation Ecclesia in America of the Holy Father John Paul II to the Bishops. Vatican. https://www.catholicsociety.com/documents/john_paul_ii_apostolic_exhortations/Ecclessia_in_america.pdf
Google Scholar

John Paul II. 2005. Memory and Identity. Personal reflection. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson.
Google Scholar

Kennan, G.F. 1951. Realities of American Foreign Policy. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Google Scholar

Keohane, R.O. and Joseph Nye. 1977. Power and Independence: World Politics in Transition, Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
Google Scholar

Keohane, R.O. (ed.), 1986. Neorealism and Its Critics, New York: Columbia University Press.
Google Scholar

Keohane, R.O., 1989. International Institutions and State Power: Essays in International Relations Theory. Boulder. Westview.
Google Scholar

Kissinger H. 1995. Diplomacy. New York: Simon & Schuster.
Google Scholar

Kissinger H. 2014. World Order: Reflections on the Character of Nations and the Course of History. London. Penguin Books.
Google Scholar

Lamy S.L. 2007. Challenging Hegemonic Paradigms and Practices: Critical Thinking and Active Learning Strategies for International Relations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Google Scholar

Library of Congress. 1791. The Bill of Rights; Washington D.C. https://www.loc.gov/item/today-inhistory/december-15/. Washington D.C.
Google Scholar

Longley R. 2016. What Are Natural Rights? History & Culture. https://www.thoughtco.com/what-arenatural-rights-4108952
Google Scholar

Mearsheimer, J.J. 2014. The Tragedy of Great Power Politics; New York, New York: W. W. Norton & Company.
Google Scholar

Mearsheimer J.J. 2001. The Future of the American Pacifier. Foreign Affairs, 80/5. Congers, NY. The Council on Foreign Relations INC.
Google Scholar

Madison J. 1789. Documentary History of the History of the First Federal Congress of the USA. Congressional Debates. Washington. D.C: Library of Congress.
Google Scholar

Morgenthau, H.J. 1946. Scientific Man Versus Power Politics, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Google Scholar

Morgenthau, H.J., 1951. In Defense of the National Interest: A Critical Examination of American Foreign Policy, New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
Google Scholar

Morgenthau, H.J., 1954. Politics among Nations: The Struggle for Power and Peace, 2nd ed., New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
Google Scholar

Morgenthau, H.J., 1962. The Intellectual and Political Functions of a Theory of International Relations, in Politics in the 20th Century, Vol. I, “The Decline of Democratic Politics,” Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
Google Scholar

Morgenthau, H.J., 1970. Truth and Power: Essays of a Decade, 1960–1970, New York: Praeger.
Google Scholar

Waltz. 1979. Theory of International Politics, Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill.
Google Scholar

U.S. Supreme Court. 2010. Opinions by Volume › Volume 559 › United States v. Stevens. Washington D.C. U. S. Government Printing Office. https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions//boundvolumes/559bv.pdf
Google Scholar