Eucharystia i metafizyka. Arystotelesowska teoria złożeń wewnątrzbytowych jako filozoficzne instrumentarium w Traktacie o Eucharystii św. Tomasza z Akwinu

Tomasz Dutkiewicz

doi:10.26142/stgd-2021-023

Published: 2021-12-17

Vol. 49 (2021)

The Eucharist and Metaphysics. Aristotelian Theory of Being Compositions as Philosophical Instrumentation in the Treatise on the Eucharist by St. Thomas Aquinas

Tomasz Dutkiewicz

Gdańsk Studies

Section: Artykuły

https://doi.org/10.26142/stgd-2021-023

Abstract

The teaching on the Eucharist from The Summa Theologiae of St. Thomas Aquinas aptly illustrates that philosophy is an indispensable tool for rationalizing revealed truths in practicing theology. The author applies terminology developed on the basis of Aristotelian metaphysics to properly conceive the mystery which the liturgy refers to with the words: “This is the great Mystery of Faith”. Using the metaphysical concepts of “matter” and “form” as well as “substance” and “accidents,” Aquinas describes the essence of the Eucharistic mystery in which, through the words constituting the form of the sacrament, uttered by the priest on behalf of Christ and at His command, the substance is transformed from bread and wine (transubstantiatio) into the substance of the Body and Blood of the Lord. As a result, the accidents of bread and wine, still perceived by the senses, exist by the power of God’s creative action without their proper subject. Thomas draws attention to the uniqueness of the sacrament of the Eucharist among other sacraments, in which matter, such as water or oil, does not undergo a substantial transformation, but becomes only an instrument, the use of which is accompanied, through its consecration, by a specific power to produce spiritual effects.

Keywords:

the Eucharist, matter, form, substance, accidents

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Dutkiewicz, T. (2021). The Eucharist and Metaphysics. Aristotelian Theory of Being Compositions as Philosophical Instrumentation in the Treatise on the Eucharist by St. Thomas Aquinas. Gdańsk Studies, 49, 107–118. https://doi.org/10.26142/stgd-2021-023

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