Temperature or Nature? An Alternative Interpretation of χλιαρός [chliarós] in Revelation 3:16

Philip Chia

doi:10.21697/ct.2025.95.3.03

Opublikowane: 2025-08-31

Tom 95 Nr 3 (2025)

Temperature or Nature?

An Alternative Interpretation of χλιαρός [chliarós] in Revelation 3:16

Philip Chia

Collectanea Theologica

Dział: Artykuły

https://doi.org/10.21697/ct.2025.95.3.03

Abstrakt

Czy χλιαρός w Ap 3,16 należy rozumieć jako temperaturę czy jako naturę? Dotychczasowe badania koncentrowały się głównie na aspekcie związanym z temperaturą. Niniejszy artykuł przedstawia inne spojrzenie na termin χλιαρός w Ap 3,16. Autor zakłada, że termin ten należy interpretować przez pryzmat temperatury i cech samej wody. Kluczowe odkrycia archeologiczne, w tym wybitny marmurowy blok z przepisami dotyczącymi wody, w połączeniu z badaniem strukturalnym napomnienia Syna Człowieczego w Ap 3,14–22 zostaną wykorzystane jako metodologia wspierająca argument, że χλιαρός obejmuje zarówno temperaturę, jak i inherentne właściwości wody.

Słowa kluczowe:

Laodycea, letni, temperatura, natura, inskrypcje, analiza strukturalna

Inne teksty tego samego autora

Philip Chia, Analysis of אמצים [’mṣîm] in the Hexapla , Collectanea Theologica: Tom 95 Nr 1 (2025)
Philip Chia, Resolving the Ambiguity in Nahum 1:12 , Collectanea Theologica: Tom 96 Nr 1 (2026)

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Zasady cytowania

Chia, P. (2025). Temperature or Nature? An Alternative Interpretation of χλιαρός [chliarós] in Revelation 3:16. Collectanea Theologica, 95(3), 471–490. https://doi.org/10.21697/ct.2025.95.3.03

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Utwór dostępny jest na licencji Creative Commons Uznanie autorstwa – Bez utworów zależnych 4.0 Międzynarodowe.

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Philip Chia

pchia275@students.sbts.edu
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2453-7497

Afiliacja:

University of Pretoria Indonezja

Biogram

Affiliation: Evangelical Theological Seminary of Indonesia, Reformed Theological Seminary of Indonesia, and the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary, Bethel Theological Seminary of Indonesia – The Way.

Position: Director of Doctoral Studies at Evangelical Theological Seminary of Indonesia, an adjunct professor of Reformed Theological Seminary of Indonesia and Bethel Theological Seminary of Indonesia – The Way.