DESCRIPTION: Władysław Tatarkiewicz (1886–1980) – philosopher, historian of philosophy and art, ethicist and aesthetician, member of the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences and the Polish Academy of Sciences. He is the author of a well-known and frequently reprinted textbook on the history of philosophy entitled Historia filozofii (History of Philosophy). He was a member of the Lviv-Warsaw philosophical school, founded by Kazimierz Twardowski, which brought many outstanding scientists to reborn Poland: philosophers, logicians, psychologists, sociologists, as well as organisers of academic life. He developed a semantic analysis of happiness. He conducted psychological reflections on the experiences of happy and unhappy people. He argued that there are no values beyond specific goods, even though they are objective in nature. He also dealt with aesthetics and art history. He discussed in detail the origins, development and meaning of the basic concepts of aesthetics: art, beauty, form, creativity, reproduction and aesthetic experience. The article in question also deals with issues of aesthetics, in which Tatarkiewicz presents medieval claims on the subject. The author divided these claims into two groups: those derived from the metaphysics of the time and those that were independent of it. Furthermore, he pointed out that medieval aesthetics drew on ancient aesthetics, but some of its theses were forgotten, while others were added, thus becoming an aesthetics different from the ancient one. The Renaissance drew on the ancient aesthetics again, but took different theses from it than the Middle Ages. "The Middle Ages lasted about a thousand years; aesthetic views changed in more ways than one during that time. And in modern times, they underwent even faster and greater changes. Therefore, there was more than one ‘medieval’ and more than one ‘modern’ view of beauty and art, and they can be compared in different ways. One can compare the earliest medieval views with the latest modern ones. They are separated by a millennium and a half and are completely different; however, such a comparison does not seem to be productive. It would be more effective to compare views that are closer to each other; the views of the mature Middle Ages of the 13th century with the views of the Renaissance, which are close to it in time, and with our own only when they differ from those of the Renaissance" (p. 111).
TABLE OF CONTENTS: I. Claims of medieval aesthetics foreign to modern times: Group A: Claims derived from metaphysics; Group B: Claims not derived from metaphysics. II. Claims of medieval aesthetics close to modern ones: Group A: Commonly accepted claims; Group B: Propositions found only in some medieval thinkers. III. Propositions of modern times not found in the Middle Ages. IV. Ancient, medieval and modern propositions.
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Język Polski