DESCRIPTION: Franz Furger (1935-1997) was an eminent Swiss moral theologian and social ethicist, considered one of the key innovators of Catholic moral theology after the Second Vatican Council. He served as rector of the Faculty of Theology in Lucerne. From 1987 until his death, he was director of the Institute for Christian Social Sciences at the University of Münster. He specialized in social ethics, business ethics, and the relationship between faith and contemporary pluralism. In the article in question, the author addressed the functioning of ethical norms in science and research practice. He concluded that their effectiveness cannot be guaranteed either by appeals to conscience or by legal regulations. Informal arrangements appealing to human honor, a kind of code of honor, can play a more effective role in this regard. This helps to maintain personal responsibility. It is essential that all agreements (or restrictions) be made by researchers with personal conviction and personal responsibility. Motivation and education of conscience are therefore of central importance. "To sum up: restrictions on research freedom are only possible where they are recognized as necessary and where they are accepted with a sense of conscious responsibility. Formal agreements and rules play a supporting and auxiliary role in this regard; external sanctions alone contribute little here. What is important is proper motivation in shaping conscience and universal human responsibility" (p. 149).
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