DESCRIPTION: Andrzej Półtawski (1923–2020) was a philosopher who dealt with issues in the fields of philosophical anthropology, phenomenology, Christian philosophy, personalism and the theory of cognition. During World War II, he was a member of the Home Army and participated in the Warsaw Uprising. He graduated in philosophy under the supervision of Roman Ingarden at the Jagiellonian University in Kraków. Between 1973 and 1993, he worked at the Faculty of Christian Philosophy of the Catholic Theological Academy (ATK) in Warsaw. He was a member of the Scientific Council of the Polish Society of Philosophy (SPCh). He published seven texts in the SPCh. In the article in question, the author discusses the issue of recognising moral values in relation to the analyses of Roman Ingarden and Karol Wojtyła, as well as contemporary ethology and phenomenological psychology. The human condition is presented as moral development, becoming, based on rational orientation and freedom of choice. The central importance of conscience for the analysis of morality and the related necessity of its analysis are emphasised. The author considers the inalienable dignity of the person to be the deepest foundation of morality. He highlights the axiological and normative nature of morality. ‘The moral becoming of a human person presupposes their rationality and freedom; that is, it presupposes a rational understanding of the situation by the person, leading to the establishment of certain truths about that situation and to the acceptance of those truths as reasons for human action; reasons which they freely accept as the basis for their decision’ (p. 194).
TABLE OF CONTENTS: 1. The central situation of moral values in the human world. 2. Responsibility and moral value. Conditions of their possibility. Methodological consequences. 3. Analysis of moral facts. Their irreducibility. 4. Morality and reason. 5. The dignity of the person as the basis of moral values. 6. Should we expect universal agreement on moral issues? 7. Morality and Christianity. 8. Summary.
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English
Język Polski