Development and Preliminary Validation of the Student Well-Being at School Questionnaire (SWBSQ)

Łukasz Nikel

doi:10.21852/sem.1902

Published: 2026-09-23

Development and Preliminary Validation of the Student Well-Being at School Questionnaire (SWBSQ)

Łukasz Nikel

Seminare

Section: Articles

https://doi.org/10.21852/sem.1902

Abstract

School well-being is an essential indicator of students' emotional and social functioning, and there remains a need to further develop instruments that capture its multidimensional nature and encompass the most relevant domains within the school context. The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Student Well-Being at School Questionnaire (SWBSQ). Based on theoretical and empirical analyses, four dimensions of school well-being were identified: Student–Teacher Relationships, Peer Relationships at School, School Success, and General Attitude Toward School. A total of 571 Polish secondary school students aged 14–20 participated in the study. Exploratory factor analysis confirmed the four-dimensional structure of the SWBSQ. All subscales demonstrated satisfactory internal consistency and acceptable mean inter-item correlations. Convergent and discriminant validity analyses confirmed the relationships of the SWBSQ with quality of school life, joy of learning, extraversion, empathy, and school achievement. The results suggest that the SWBSQ is a reliable and valid tool for assessing students' subjective well-being at school and can be applied in both research and educational and psychological practice.

Keywords:

school well-being, psychometric validation, questionnaire development, exploratory factor analysis, adolescent well-being, secondary school students

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Nikel, Łukasz. (2026). Development and Preliminary Validation of the Student Well-Being at School Questionnaire (SWBSQ). Seminare, (Online First). https://doi.org/10.21852/sem.1902

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