Trzy zapomniane kościoły maryjne (Theotokos) epoki bizantyjskiej w Ziemi Świętej

Dawid Ledwoń; Jakub Waszkowiak

doi:10.21697/ct.2024.94.1.02

Published: 2024-02-01

Vol. 94 No. 1 (2024)

The Three Forgotten Churches of St. Mary (Theotokos) from the Byzantine Era in the Holy Land

Dawid Ledwoń

, Jakub Waszkowiak

Collectanea Theologica

Section: Articles

https://doi.org/10.21697/ct.2024.94.1.02

Abstract

In the history of the Holy Land, the Byzantine time undoubtedly appears as a time of intense flourishing of sacral constructions, especially dedicated to Mary, the Holy Mother of God. Only a few churches under her patronage from this period survived until today. Many were destroyed and never rebuilt. In this article, three of these Marian churches (Theotokos) which were never reconstructed are taken into consideration: the Kathisma, the church on Mount Gerizim and the Nea. The reason for this particular attention towards them is on account of their outstanding construction and the fact that these churches were mentioned abundantly by Procopius and other ancient authors. This article presents the latest archaeological evidence along with a description of ancient literature, in order to better understand the religious and historical contexts of these churches. When all this information is considered, it is clear that these churches were never rebuilt due to three factors: no direct connection to the events described in the four canonical Gospels, an unfavorable geopolitical situation and lack of financial resources.

Keywords:

Marian churches, Theotokos, Kathisma, Gerizim, Maria Nea, Jerusalem, Byzantium

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Ledwoń, D., & Waszkowiak, J. (2024). The Three Forgotten Churches of St. Mary (Theotokos) from the Byzantine Era in the Holy Land. Collectanea Theologica, 94(1), 43–83. https://doi.org/10.21697/ct.2024.94.1.02

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Dawid Ledwoń

dawid.ledwon@us.edu.pl
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0075-9212

Affiliation:

University of Silesia Poland

Bio Statement (e.g., department and rank)

Ks. Dawid Ledwoń (ur. 1984): doktor nauk teologicznych, profesor Uniwersytetu Śląskiego, biblista, absolwent Papieskiego Ateneum Królowej Apostołów w Rzymie oraz Wydziału Teologicznego Uniwersytetu Śląskiego w Katowicach. Zastępca dyrektora Instytutu Nauk Teologicznych w Wydziale Teologicznym Uniwersytetu Śląskiego w Katowicach, pełnomocnik ds. współpracy międzynarodowej, wykładowca Pisma św. Członek Stowarzyszenia Biblistów Polskich. Autor monografii Świadectwo Ojca w czwartej Ewangelii. Studium egzegetyczno-teologiczne (Katowice 2017), Apokalipsa świętego Jana. Wstęp, przekład z oryginału i komentarz (Katowice 2019) oraz szeregu artykułów naukowych. W latach 2015-2021 współautor niedzielnych audycji Na początku było słowo w Radiu eM. Naukowo specjalizuje się w Pismach Janowych.

Jakub Waszkowiak

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5072-1525

Affiliation:

Studium Biblicum Franciscanum w Jerozolimie Israel

Bio Statement (e.g., department and rank)

Ur. 1974 r. Biblista. Święcenia kapłańskie przyjął w 2003 r. w Jerozolimie. W 2012 r. ukończył studia licencjackie w Franciszkańskim Studium Biblijnym (Studium Biblicum Franciscanum) również w Jerozolimie. Stopień doktora teologii biblijnej uzyskał na Wydziale Teologicznym Uniwersytetu im. Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu (2015). Autor książek: "The Altar Laws in the Pentateuch in the Light of The Archaeological Evidence (Studia i Materiały 161; Poznań: Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza 2013)" oraz "Siloe. Historia, archeologia, teologia (Rozprawy i Studia Biblijne 53; Warszawa: Vocatio 2020)". Aktualnie mieszka w Izraelu, pełniąc służbę w Kustodii Ziemi Świętej. Od 2018 r. sekretarz oraz wykładowca w Międzynarodowym Seminarium Franciszkańskim (Studium Theologicum Jerosolymitanum) i adiunkt w Studium Biblicum Franciscanum w Jerozolimie (od 2023 r.). Członek Stowarzyszenia Biblistów polskich, a od 2005 r. licencjonowany przewodnik po Izraelu.