From the series ‘60/60 the best of SPCh’ (57) [60 most interesting publications from 60 years of SPCh]
2026-01-22
Stanisław Judycki: The Depth and Contingency of Phenomenon: Phenomenology and Philosophy of the 20th Century [Studia Philosophiae Christianae 39(2003)2, pp. 187-203].
DESCRIPTION: Stanisław Piotr Judycki (born 1954) is a philosopher currently affiliated with the University of Gdańsk. He deals with epistemology, philosophy of religion, and the history of contemporary philosophy. This article is an attempt to show the contribution of phenomenology to 20th-century philosophy. The theoretical value of phenomenology is emphasized by revealing the characteristic features of the concept of phenomenon as it is used in phenomenology. The author begins by discussing the causes and motives behind phenomenological ideas at the beginning of the 20th century. The author considers the most characteristic features of the phenomenological concept of phenomenon to be: (1) its non-theoretical nature; (2) its translinguistic nature; (3) its supersensory nature; (4) its transcendence of everyday experience; (5) its supra-historical nature; (6) its irreducibility to non-phenomenal structures. In the rest of the discussion, the author focuses on the concepts of depth and contingency, which apply to both sensory and supersensory phenomena. Phenomena are contingent due to their underlying natural causes and the psychophysical constitution of human beings. The article concludes with a consideration of whether 21st-century philosophy should be practiced in a phenomenological manner. "Living in the 21st century, should we continue to work as phenomenological philosophers? As a very general call to search for what is primary and what is necessary, this is a natural postulate in relation to philosophy in general, and not only in relation to some phenomenological philosophy. In this sense, all philosophizing should be phenomenological. On the other hand, however, the authentic nourishment of philosophy is not general postulates about method, but rather new concepts, new ideas, doctrines, systems, and phenomenology in the sense just presented was neither a separate doctrine nor a system. The 20th century ended with a form of skepticism and relativism called postmodernism. According to the logic of the history of human thought encountered so far, after this period of destruction, we should now expect new philosophical constructions and hope for the emergence of new concepts” (p. 203).
Table of contents: 1. Historical remarks. 2. The a-theoretical nature of the phenomenon. 3. The sensory and supersensory nature of the phenomenon. 4. The phenomenon and everyday experience. 5. The supra-historic nature of the phenomenon. 6. The irreducibility of the phenomenon. 7. The depth of the phenomenon. 8. The contingency of the phenomenon. 9. Phenomenology and 20th-century philosophy.
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