The most important critical arguments against neo-positivism were put forward by two great philosophical currents: critical realism (K. R. Popper) and analytical philosophy (G. E. Moore, B. Russel, L. Wittgenstein). These currents had the same roots –the philosophy of Austrian thinker Franz Brentano. I shall try to show that analytical philosophy built in Lvov-Warsaw School (the creator of its was Kazimierz Twardowski, adisciple of Brentano) had the special meaning in overcoming of neo-positivism. Apart from Twardowski’s method, the Zygmunt Janiszewski’s project of building of polish mathematics, logic and philosophy as well as the logical researching of mathematics foundations made by Jan Śleszyński, Jan Łukasiewicz, Stanisław Leśniewski, Alfred Tarski (and other Polish logicians) had an influence on the nature of the school. We have to remember on a few scholars working besides the current of the main scientific schools of interwar period e.g. Leon Chwistek, Ludwik Fleck, Witold Wilkosz and Otto Nikodym. Their achievements we can also rate to polish analytical philosophy. In the paper I only signal these issues.
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