Stan emocjonalny w obliczu pandemii koronawirusa: rola strategii radzenia sobie ze stresem, wsparcia społecznego i potrzeby domknięcia poznawczego

Berenika Sztandera

doi:10.21697/ucs.2021.28.2.02

Published: 2022-04-06

Vol. 28 No. 2 (2021)

Emotions in the face of the coronavirus pandemic: the role of a strategy coping with stress, social support and the needs of cognitive closure

Berenika Sztandera

Academic Journal of Sociology

Section: Articles

https://doi.org/10.21697/ucs.2021.28.2.02

Abstract

The aim of the research was to analyze the relationship between the level of emotions (positive and negative) and the aspects of social support, coping strategies and need for cognitive closure in adult Poles during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study was published on March 27, 2020 and 212 people attended it. The following tools were used: Multidimensional Questionnaire for Measuring Coping with Stress (mini COPE), Berlin Social Support Scale (BSSS) and scales of positive and negative emotions. The results show that the use of emotion-oriented coping strategies and a higher level of determination (the need for cognitive closure) were associated with a higher level of positive and lower negative emotions. The use of strategies focused on avoiding stress and preferring predictability (the need for cognitive closure) was accompanied by a lower level of positive emotions and a higher level of negative emotions. People showing a higher level of perceived, given and received social support experienced more positive emotions, and the low level of negative emotions was associated with perceived and provided support.

Keywords:

coping strategies, social support, emotions, need for cognitive closure, Covid-19 pandemic

Download files

PDF (Język Polski)

Citation rules

Sztandera, B. (2022). Emotions in the face of the coronavirus pandemic: the role of a strategy coping with stress, social support and the needs of cognitive closure. Academic Journal of Sociology, 28(2), 9–16. https://doi.org/10.21697/ucs.2021.28.2.02

Cited by / Share

References

Carver C.S., Scheier M.F., Weintraub J.K. (1989), Assessing coping strategies: a theoretically based approach. J Pers Soc Psychol, 56: 267–283. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.56.2.267
Google Scholar

Chen S.X., Ng J.C.K., Hui B.P.H., Au A.K.Y., Wu W.C.H., Lam B.C.P., Mak W.W.S., Liu J.H. (2021), Dual impacts of coronavirus anxiety on mental health in 35 societies. „Scientific Reports”, 11(1): 8925. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-87771-1
Google Scholar

Cieślak R. (2012), Wsparcie społeczne – problemy i techniki pomiaru [w:] H. Sęk, R. Cieślak (red.), Wsparcie społeczne, stres i zdrowie. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN: 106–122.
Google Scholar

Di Santo D., Chernikova M., Kruglanski A.W., Pierro A. (2020), Does inconsistency always lead to negative affect? The influence ofneed for closure on affective reactions to cognitive inconsistency. „International Journal of Psychology”, 55: 882–890. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ijop.12652
Google Scholar

Doliński D. (2000), Mechanizmy wzbudzania emocji [w:] J. Strealu (red.) Psychologia. Podręcznik akademicki, Gdańsk: GWP.
Google Scholar

Folkman S., Moskowitz J.T. (2000), Positive affect and the other side of coping. „American Psychologist”, 55(6): 647–654. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.6.647
Google Scholar

Gliński Z., Żmuda A. (2020), Epidemie i pandemie chorób zakaźnych,https://vetpol.org.pl/dmdocuments/ZW-09-2020-02.pdf.
Google Scholar

Heitzman I. (2020), Wpływ pandemii COVID-19 na zdrowie psychicznego. „Psychiatria Polska”, 54(2): 187–198. DOI: https://doi.org/10.12740/PP/120373
Google Scholar

Heszen I. (2013), Psychologia stresu: korzystne i niekorzystne skutki stresu życiowego, Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN.
Google Scholar

Horesh D., Brown A.D. (2020), Traumatic stress in the age of COVID-19: A call to close critical gaps and adapt to new realities. „Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy”, 12(4): 331–335. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0000592
Google Scholar

Iannelloa P., Mottinia A., Tirellia S., Rivaband S., Antoniet A. (2017), Ambiguity and uncertainty tolerance, need for cognition, and theirassociation with stress. A study among Italian practicing physicians. „Medical Education Online”, 22(1). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10872981.2016.1270009
Google Scholar

Klingenstein A., Samel Ch., Garip-Kuebler A., Miller Ch., Liegl R., Siegfried G., Priglinger S., Foerster P. (2020), The national comprehensive cancer network distress thermometer as a screening tool for the evaluation of quality of life in uveal melanoma patients, https://doi.org/10.1111/aos.14277. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/aos.14277
Google Scholar

Knoll N., Schwarzer R. (2004), „Prawdziwych przyjaciół…” Wsparcie społeczne, stres, choroba i śmierć [w:] H. Sęk, R. Cieślak (red.), Wsparcie społeczne, stres i zdrowie. Warszawa: PWN: 29–48.
Google Scholar

Kofta M., Kossowska M. (2009), Psychologia poznania społecznego: Nowe idee. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN.
Google Scholar

Kossowska M., Hanusz K., Trejtowicz M. (2012), Skrócona wersja Skali Potrzeby Poznawczego Domknięcia. Dobór pozycji i walidacja skali. „Psychologia Społeczna”, 7(20). Kraków: Instytut Psychologii, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, 7(20): 89–9.
Google Scholar

Kroemeke A., Knoll N., Sobczyk-Kruszelnicka M. (2019), Dyadic support and affect in patient-caregiver dyads following hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation: A diary study. „Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology”, 87(6): 541–550. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000398
Google Scholar

Kruglanski A. (2021), Interview with Professor Arie Kruglanski about our need for cognitive closure during COVID-19, https://sciencemediahub.eu/2021/04/14/a-scientists-opinion-interview-with-professor-arie-kruglanski-about-ourneed-for-cognitive-closure-during-covid-19.
Google Scholar

Lau J.T., Yang X., Pang E., Tsui H.Y., Wong E., Wing Y.K. (2005), SARS-related perceptions in Hong Kong. „Emerging Infectious Diseases”, 11: 417–424. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1103.040675
Google Scholar

Lieberoth A., Lin S-Y., Stöckli S., Han H., Kowal M., Gelpi R. (2021), Stress and worry in the 2020 coronavirus pandemic: Relationships to trust and compliance with preventive measures across 48 countries in the COVIDiSTRESS global survey. „Royal Society Open Science”, 8(2). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/f7ghw
Google Scholar

Łuszczyńska A., Cieślak R. (2005), Protective, promotive, and buffering effects of perceived social support in managerial stress: The moderating role of social support. Anxiety, Stress and Coping. An International Journal, 18(3): 227–244. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10615800500125587
Google Scholar

Łuszczyńska A., Kowalska M., Schwarzer R., Schutz U. (2006), Berlińskie Skale Wsparcia Społecznego (BSSS): Wyniki wstępnych badań nad adaptacją skal i ich właściwościami psychometrycznymi. Studia Psychologiczne, 3 (44): 17–27.
Google Scholar

Martinelli N., Gil S., Belletier C., Chevalère J., Dezecache G., Huget P., Droit-Volet S. (2021), Time and Emotion in the lockdown for the Covid-19 epidemic: The determinants of our experience of time?. „Frontiers in Psychology”, 11:616169. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.616169
Google Scholar

Moore K.A., Lucas J.J. (2021), COVID-19 distress and worries: The role of attitudes, social support, and positive coping during social isolation. „Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice”, 94(2): 365-370. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/papt.12308
Google Scholar

Park C.L., Finkelstein-Fox L., Russell B.S., Fendrich M., Hutchison M., Becker J. (2021), Americans’ distress early in the COVID-19 pandemic: Protective resources and coping strategies. „Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy”, 13(4): 422–431. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0000931
Google Scholar

Park C.L., Finkelstein-Fox L., Russell B.S., Fendrich M., Hutchison M., Becker J. (2021), Psychological resilience early in the COVID-19 pandemic: Stressors, resources, and coping strategies in a national sample of Americans. „American Psychologist”, 76(5): 715–728. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0000813
Google Scholar

Qi M., Zhou S.J., Guo Z.C., Zhang L.G., Min H.J., Li X.M., Chen J.X. (2020), The Effect of Social Support on Mental Health in Chinese Adolescents During the Outbreak of COVID-19. „Journal of Adolescent Health”, 67 (4): 514–518. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.07.001
Google Scholar

Saalwirth C., Leipold B. (2021), Well‐being and sleep in stressful times of the covid‐19 pandemic: Relations to worrying and different coping strategies. „Stress and Health.Journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress”, 37(5):973-985. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.3057
Google Scholar

Schachter S. (1959), The psychology of affiliation: Experimental studies of the sources of gregariousness. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
Google Scholar

Sęk H., Cieślak R. (red.) (2004), Wsparcie społeczne, stres i zdrowie. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN.
Google Scholar

Smith B. G., Smith S. B., Knighton D. (2018), Social media dialogues in a crisis: A mixed-methods approach to identifying publics on social media. „Public Relations Review”, 44: 562–573. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2018.07.005
Google Scholar

Talarowska M., Chodkiewicz J., Nawrocka N., Miniszewska J. (2020), Mental health and the epidemic SARS-COV-2 – risk factors. Polish research Zdrowie psychiczne a epidemia SARS-COV-2 – badania polskie, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/342845107_Mental_health_and_the_epidemic_SARS-COV-2_-_risk_factors_Polish_research_Zdrowie_psychiczne_a_epidemia_SARS-COV-2_-badania_polskie.
Google Scholar

Webster D.M., Kruglanski A.W. (1994), Individual differences in need for cognitive closure. „Journal of Personality and Social Psychology”, 67: 1049–1062. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.67.6.1049
Google Scholar

WHO (2020), Zdrowie psychiczne i funkcjonowanie psychospołeczne podczas pandemii COVID-19, https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/331808/WHO-2019-nCoV-MentalHealth-2020.1-pol.pdf.
Google Scholar