Skuteczność zgody małżeńskiej. Analiza dogmatyczno-prawna małżeństwa in fieri

Łukasz Pawicki

doi:10.21697/im.2024.35.2.01

Published: 2024-12-12

Vol. 35 No. 2 (2024)

The effectiveness of marital consent. Dogmatic-legal analysis of marriage in fieri

Łukasz Pawicki

Ius Matrimoniale

Section: Rozprawy i artykuły

https://doi.org/10.21697/im.2024.35.2.01

Abstract

Marriage in fieri is the only sacrament of the Church that can be considered as a legal act. Hence, it is possible to reflect on the act of contracting marriage from the point of view of the general theory of canonical legal acts and apply to marriage those categories and norms which contemplate the productive capacity of a legal act. Two categories of constitutive ineffectiveness of marriage can be distinguished: non-existent marriage (matrimonium inexistens) and null marriage (matrimonium nullum), although existing. Due to the indissoluble nature of marriage, it is difficult to speak of the effectiveness (efficacitas) or ineffectiveness (inefficacitas) of marriage, which would have a temporal character. Marriage in fieri, like any other legal act, can be considered by analysing the elements of its constitutive structure, and within each of these elements, an essential level (ad existentiam) and a productive level (ad validitatem) can be distinguished. The essential level consists of those requirements which, by the very nature of marriage – defined by natural and positive divine law – belong to its essence. The productive level (ad validitatem) consists of all the requirements that do not arise ex natura matrimonii but which the legislator has established explicitly for the validity of the marital pact (pursuant to canon 10 of the Code of Canon Law). The distinction between these two categories of constitutive ineffectiveness, although not explicitly present in the current code norms, radically conditions all canonical norms on marriage, particularly the possibility of externally remedying its ineffectiveness, both through dispensation and through convalidation. The article concludes with a proposal de lege ferenda regarding such a formulation of canon 1057 § 1 CIC/83, which would specify the requirements ex natura matrimonii for the legal existence of marriage (consensus naturaliter sufficiens) and the conditions for the validity of marriage (matrimonium validum).

Keywords:

marriage in fieri, existence, validity, matrimonium validum/nullum, matrimonium existens/inexistens

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Pawicki, Łukasz. (2024). The effectiveness of marital consent. Dogmatic-legal analysis of marriage in fieri. Ius Matrimoniale, 35(2), 11–38. https://doi.org/10.21697/im.2024.35.2.01

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