Czas wolny i strategie narcystyczne u młodych dorosłych. W kierunku poszukiwania wzajemnych powiązań

Justyna Kurtyka-Chałas

doi:10.21852/sem.1846

Published: 2025-06-30

Vol. 46 No. 1 (2025)

Leisure Time and Narcissistic Strategies in Young Adults: Towards Searching for Mutual Connections

Justyna Kurtyka-Chałas

Seminare. Learned Investigations

Section: Articles

https://doi.org/10.21852/sem.1846

Abstract

The article attempts to look for correlations between forms of spending free time and strategies of narcissism in the age group of young adults. It begins with a theoretical introduction on the concept of free time, then it presents the basic assumptions of the NARC model, based on which the author distinguishes two strategies of narcissism: narcissistic competition and narcissistic admiration. The aim of the research was to search for correlations between leisure activities and narcissism strategies in a group of young adults. The presented study used the author’s own questionnaire, prepared for the needs of the research, and the NARQ-PL questionnaire in the Polish adaptation by Rogoza et al. (2016). The obtained research results identify the most common ways of spending free time by young adults as well as the existence of correlations between some ways of spending free time and narcissistic strategies. The research results seem interesting from a theoretical and practical perspective. They show the existing connections and outline opportunities for further research into the correlates of leisure time activities undertaken by young adults.

Keywords:

free time, young adults, narcissistic competition, narcissistic admiration

Download files

PDF`

Citation rules

Kurtyka-Chałas, J. (2025). Leisure Time and Narcissistic Strategies in Young Adults: Towards Searching for Mutual Connections. Seminare. Learned Investigations, 46(1), 127–144. https://doi.org/10.21852/sem.1846

Cited by / Share

References

Agnew, Robert and David M. Petersen. 1989. “Leisure and delinquency.” Social Problems 36: 332-350. https://doi.org/10.2307/800819.
Google Scholar

Back, Mitja D et al. 2013. “Narcissistic admiration and rivalry: disentangling the bright and dark sides of narcissism.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 105 (6): 1013-1037. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0034431.
Google Scholar

Becker, Anne E. 2004. “Television, Disorder Eating, and Young Women in Fiji. Negotiating Body Image and Identity During Rapid Social Change.” Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry 28: 533-559. DOI: 10.1007/s11013-004-1067-5.
Google Scholar

Caldwell, Linda L. 2016. “Youth and Leisure.” In Leisure Matters: The State and Future of Leisure Studies, edited by Gordon J. Walker, David Scott and Monika Stodolska, Venture Publishing, Inc.
Google Scholar

Casale, Silvia and Vanessa Banchi. 2020. “Narcissism and Problematic Social Media Use: A Systematic Literature Review.” Addictive Behaviors Reports 11, Article ID: 100252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.abrep.2020.100252.
Google Scholar

Chi-Him, Poona D. and Leung L. Wing-Chi. 2011. “Effects of narcissism, leisure boredom, and gratifications sought on user-generated content among net-generation users, 8th Asia-Pacific Regional Conference of the International Telecommunications Society (ITS): ‘Convergence in the Digital Age’, Taipei, Taiwan, 26th-28th June, 2011, International Telecommunications Society (ITS).” Calgary. Accessed on: 05.11.2024. https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/52316/1/673084906.pdf.
Google Scholar

Csikszentmihalyi, Michaly and Reed Larson. 1984. Being Adolescent: Conflict and Growth in the Teenage Years. New York: Basic Books.
Google Scholar

Czerepaniak-Walczak, Maria. 1997. Gdy po nauce mamy wolny czas…: szczecińskie szkoły podstawowe wobec prawa dziecka do wypoczynku i zabawy. Szczecin: Wydawnictwo PoNaD.
Google Scholar

Czerepaniak-Walczak, Maria. 2007. „Od próżniaczenia do zniewolenia – w poszukiwaniu dyskursów czasu wolnego.” In Pedagogika społeczna, podręcznik akademicki, edited by Ewa Marynowicz-Hetka, Vol. 2, 219-236. Warszawa: WN PWN.
Google Scholar

DeWall, Nathan C. et al. 2011. “Narcissism and implicit attention seeking: Evidence from linguistic analyses of social networking and online presentation.” Personality and Individual Differences 51 (1): 57-62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2011.03.011.
Google Scholar

Dittmar, Helga. 2005. “A New Look at ‘Compulsive Buying’: Self-Discrepancies and Materialistic Values As Predictors of Compulsive Buying Tendency.” Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 24 (6), 832-859. https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2005.24.6.832.
Google Scholar

Dumazedier, Joffre. 1960. “Current Problems of the sociology of Leisure.” International Social Science Journal 12 (4): 522-531. Access: 10.11.2024, https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000016833.
Google Scholar

Đuranović, Marina. 2024. “Leisure activities of young people as a predictor of life satisfaction.” International Journal of Instruction 17(3): 475-490. https://doi.org/10.29333/iji.2024.17326a.
Google Scholar

Fine, Gary A. et al. 1990. “Leisure, work, and the mass media.” In At the threshold: The developing adolescent, edited by S. Shirley Feldman and Glen R. Elliott, 225-252. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Google Scholar

Freire, Teresa. 2013. “Leisure Experience and Positive Identity Development in Adolescents.” In Positive Leisure Science: From Subjective Experience to Social Contexts, edited by Teresa Freire, 61-79. Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht. DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-5058-6.
Google Scholar

Grochociński, Marian. 1980. Rodzina a czas wolny. Warszawa: Krajowa Agencja Wydawnicza.
Google Scholar

Grover, Aditi and Mohhamad Imran. 2024. “Investigating The Impact of Leisure-Time Physical Activity on The Psychological Well-Being of Young Adults.” International Journal of Research and Analytical Reviews 11 (2): 883-915.
Google Scholar

Izdebski, Paweł and Martyna Kotyśko. 2012. „Autoprezentacja na portalu społecznościowym Facebook a narcyzm.” In Funkcjonowanie współczesnych młodych ludzi w zmieniającym się świecie, edited by Hanna Liberska, Alicja Malina and Dorota Suwalska-Barancewicz, 202-212. Warszawa: Difin.
Google Scholar

Jung, Bohdan. 1987. O czasie wolnym. Kultura i rekreacja w procesach rozwoju społeczno-ekonomicznego. Warszawa: SGPiS.
Google Scholar

Kamiński, Aleksander. 1972. Pedagogika społeczna. Warszawa: PWN.
Google Scholar

Kargul, Józef. 1995. „Animacja społeczno-kulturalna.” In Pedagogika społeczna, edited by Tadeusz Pilch and Irena Lepalczyk, 132-142. Warszawa: Wyd. Żak.
Google Scholar

Kasser, Tim and Aaron Ahuvia. 2002. “Materialistic Values and Well-being in Business Students.” European Journal of Social Psychology 32 (1): 137-146. DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.85.
Google Scholar

Katavić, Ivana et al. 2024. “Review of recent literature about leisure time od school-aged children and youth in Croatia.” Interdisciplinary Description of Complex Systems 22(1): 25-58. http://dx.doi.org/10.7906/indecs.22.1.2.
Google Scholar

Kurtyka-Chałas, Justyna. 2023. “Narcissistic Rivalry and Difficulties in Psychosocial Functioning of Young Adults.” Lubelski Rocznik Pedagogiczny 42(3): 167-185. http://dx.doi. org/10.17951/lrp.2023.42.3.167-185.
Google Scholar

Larson, Reed and Maryse H. Richards. 1994. Divergent Realities: The Emotional Lives of Mothers, Fathers, and Adolescents. New York: Basic Books.
Google Scholar

Mahoney, Joseph L. and Hakan Stattin. 2000. “Leisure activities and adolescent antisocial behavior: The role of structure and social context.” Journal of Adolescence 23: 113-127. DOI: 10.1006/jado.2000.0302.
Google Scholar

Mahoney, Joseph L. 2000. “School extracurricular activity participation as a moderator in the development of antisocial patterns.” Child Development 71: 502-516. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8624.00160.
Google Scholar

McCain, Jessica L. and W. Keith Campbell. 2018. “Narcissism and Social Media Use: A Meta-Analytic Review.” Psychology of Popular Media Culture 7(3): 308-327. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/ppm0000137.
Google Scholar

McDonald, Matthew et al. 2007. “Narcissism and Neo-Liberalism: Work, Leisure, and Alienation in an Era of Consumption.” Loisir et Société / Society and Leisure 30 (2): 489-510. DOI: 10.1080/07053436.2007.10707762.
Google Scholar

Mehdiziadeh, Soraya. 2010. “Self-Presentation 2.0: Narcissism and Self-Esteem on Facebook, Cyberpsychology.” Behavior and Social Networking 13 (4): 357-364. doi:10.1089 = cyber.2009.0257.
Google Scholar

Miller, Kelcie et al. 2024. “Types of leisure-time physical activity participation in childhood and adolescence, and physical activity behaviours and health outcomes in adulthood: a systematic review.” BMC Public Health 24:1789. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-19050-3.
Google Scholar

Niesiobędzka, Małgorzata and Karol Konaszewski. 2021. “Narcissism, activity on Facebook, and conspicuous consumption among young adults.” Current Issues in Personality Psychology 10 (1): 21-31. https://doi.org/10.5114/cipp.2021.108751.
Google Scholar

Okoń, Wincenty. 1975. Słownik pedagogiczny. Wartszawa: PWN.
Google Scholar

Ong, Eieleen Y.L. et al. 2011. “Narcissism, extraversion, and adolescents’ self-presentation on Facebook.” Personality and Individual Differences 50 (2): 180-185. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2010.09.022.
Google Scholar

Orłowska, Małgorzata. 2007. Przymus bezczynności, studium pedagogiczno-społeczne czasu wolnego bezrobotnych. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN.
Google Scholar

Orłowska, Małgorzata and Jacek J. Błeszyński. 2016. Czas wolny jako środowisko życia. Perspektywa pedagogiczna. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN SA.
Google Scholar

Parol, Robert. 2009. „Modele czasu wolnego i ich znaczenie w kształtowaniu prozdrowotnego stylu życia w ujęciu pedagogiki resocjalizacyjnej.” In “Małe tęsknoty?” Style życia w czasie wolnym we współczesnym społeczeństwie, edited by Wojciech Muszyński, 394-403. Toruń: Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek.
Google Scholar

Pięta, Jan. 2014. Pedagogika czasu wolnego. Nowy Dwór Mazowiecki: Wydawnictwo FREL.
Google Scholar

Prokosz, Małgorzta. 2000. „Przemiany wzorów wykorzystywania czasu wolnego przez młodzież.” In Czas wolny w różnych jego aspektach, edited by Jolanta Kędzior and Mirosława Wawrzak-Chodaczek, 69-74. Wrocław: Wyd. Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego.
Google Scholar

Raymore, Leslie A. 1995. “Leisure behavior and the transition from adolescence to young adulthood.” Leisure Studies 14: 202-216.
Google Scholar

Raymore, Leslie A. et.al. 1999. “Leisure behavior pattern stability during the transition from adolescence to young adulthood.” Journal of Youth and Adolescence 28 (1): 79-103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021624609006.
Google Scholar

Rogoza, Radosław et al. 2016. „Polska adaptacja modelu narcystycznego podziwu i rywalizacji.” Polskie Forum Psychologiczne 21 (3): 410-431. DOI:10.14656/PFP20160306.
Google Scholar

Rohmann, Elke. et.al. 2024. “Are Narcissistic trolls? A cross-sectional study about aggression, trolling behavior, narcissism, and the moderating role of self-esteem.” Telematics and Informatics 90:102-122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2024.102122.
Google Scholar

Ryan, Tracii and Sophia Xenos. 2011. “Who Uses Facebook? An Investigation into the Relationship between the Big Five, Shyness, Narcissism, Loneliness, and Facebook Usage.” Computers in Human Behavior 27: 1658-1664. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2011.02.004.
Google Scholar

Shaw, Susan M. et al. 1995. “Leisure and identity formation in male and female adolescents. A preliminary examination.” Journal of Leisure Research 27 (3): 245-263.
Google Scholar

Singh, Santokh. 2018. “Grandiosity on display: Social media behaviors and dimensions of narcissism.” Personality and Individual Differences 134(1): 308-313. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2018.06.039.
Google Scholar

Sipiora, Michael P. 2000. “Alienation, the Self, nad Television: Psychologial Life in Mass Culture.” The Humanistic Psychologist 28 (2): 181-193. DOI: 10.1080/08873267.2000.9976990.
Google Scholar

Sorokowski, Piotr et al. 2015. “Selfie posting behaviors are associated with narcissism among men.” Personality and Individual Differences 85: 123-127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.05.004.
Google Scholar

Tinsley, Howard E. and Diane J. Tinsley. 1986. “A theory of the attributes, benefits, and causes of leisure experience.” Leisure Sciences 8 (1): 1-45. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490408609513056.
Google Scholar

Truszkowska-Wojtkowiak, Maria. 2012. Fenomen czasu wolnego. Gdańsk: Harmonia Universalis.
Google Scholar

Walczak, Mieczysław. 1996. Koncepcja czasu wolnego Aleksandra Kamińskiego. Zielona Góra: Wydawnictwo Wyższej Szkoły Pedagogicznej im. T. Kotabińskiego.
Google Scholar

Walker, Gordon J. and Fenton Litwiller. 2011. “Institutional Concentration of Leisure Research: A Follow-up to and Extension of Jackson (2004).” Journal of Leisure Research 43 (4): 475-490. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.2011.11950246.
Google Scholar

Verma, Suman and Reed Larson. 2003. Examining adolescent Leisure time across cultures: developmental opportunities and risks. (New directions in child and adolescent development, no 99). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Google Scholar

Vieth, Marius and Piet Kommers. 2014. “Social networking: A matter of character?” International Journal od Web Based Communities 10 (1): 115-125. http://doi.org/10.1504/IJWBC.2014.058389.
Google Scholar