Published: 2025-12-15

Morality in political activity in the teaching of Joseph Ratzinger / Pope Benedict XVI

Janusz Szulist
Gdańsk Studies
Section: Artykuły
https://doi.org/10.26142/stgd-2025-002

Abstract

The article discusses the moral aspect of the political activity as taught by Joseph Ratzinger / Benedict XVI. The German Pontiff follows the teachings of his predecessors, emphasising the importance of the cooperation between reason and faith and showing the positive role of religion in the state. The acceptance of Christian moral principles determines the human character of social structures. Politics, conceived as a struggle for power, is the domain of the lay faithful. Ratzinger's theology assumes the openness of reason to faith in order to achieve a more holistic view of reality, as well as to select the most appropriate means to fulfil the principles of the common good which is, after all, the raison d'être of the state as a political community. Within the framework of policy, the Logos, i.e. the eternal will of God that constitutes the framework for the integral progress, can be put into practice. Moral rationalism – when implemented on an unchanging ethical foundation – protects the social and the political systems from the domination of legal positivism, the deliberate elimination of religion from the public sphere and the predominance of ideologies that generate reductionist concepts of the human being and the world. The above-mentioned factors undermine the holistic nature of the natural law as the basis for values such as justice and peace which determine the moral foundation of the development-oriented political activity.

Keywords:

politics, moral rationalism, faith, reason, logos, natural law, ideologies, legal positivism

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Szulist, J. (2025). Morality in political activity in the teaching of Joseph Ratzinger / Pope Benedict XVI. Gdańsk Studies, 56, 18–31. https://doi.org/10.26142/stgd-2025-002

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