Published: 2026-08-28

The cohesion and flexibility of the family system and parents’ ability to adapt in families raising a child with an intellectual disability, based on David H. Olson’s Circumplex Model

Teresa Segiet , Małgorzata Sekułowicz , Beatrice Latawietz
Pedagogical Forum
Section: Articles and essays
DOI https://doi.org/10.21697/fp.2026.1.15

Abstract

Aim: The aim of the study was to understand how the cohesion and flexibility of the family system shape parents’ ability to adapt to the challenges associated with their child’s disability.
Research problem: The research problem revolves around analysing the functioning of families raising a child with an intellectual disability in the context of their cohesion and flexibility, as well as the relationship of these dimensions with the level of satisfaction with family life and the social support received.
Methodology: The study was conducted within the quantitative paradigm. The research tools used in the project included:
1. Family Assessment Scale (Polish adaptation of FACES IV).
2. Family Crisis Oriented Personal Evaluation Scales (F COPES) by Olson, in the Polish adaptation by Radochoński.
Results: The findings indicate that the way families cope with a difficult situation depends on the resources available to them. These include internal resources—such as emotional bonds and mutual support—as well as external resources, including social assistance, access to specialist services, and support networks.
Conclusions: The results show that parents raising a child with an intellectual disability are characterised by high cohesion and flexibility of the family system, effectively adapt to crisis situations through the development of emotional and social competences, achieve a high level of satisfaction with family life, and that the social support they receive strengthens their bonds and their ability to reorganise roles.

Keywords:

family as a system, child with intellectual disability, cohesion, flexibility

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Citation rules

Segiet, T., Sekułowicz, M., & Latawietz, B. (2026). The cohesion and flexibility of the family system and parents’ ability to adapt in families raising a child with an intellectual disability, based on David H. Olson’s Circumplex Model. Pedagogical Forum, 16(1), 171–184. https://doi.org/10.21697/fp.2026.1.15

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