Abstract

Sociobiology, which is systematic study of the biological basis of all forms of social behaviour (including sexual and prenatal behaviour) in organisms, examines the most complex forms of social behaviour and the organization of entire societies in order to discover genetic dependence. It all is fundamentally inspired by Darwinian theory of evolution by natural selection and employs methods typical of natural sciences. Sociobiology is now becaming interested in human being. Fully presented formulation of sociobiology of man took place in Edward O. Wilson’s books: On human nature, Genes, mind and culture and Promethean Fire, two of which arises from the cooperation with Charles J. Lumsden. The peculiarity of sociobiology depends on considering anthropological curiosities (mind, free will, culture) as fundamental in the biological process of shaping human being and regarding human behaviour as the idiosyncratic evolutionary adaptation of one among many primate species. As a result, there is a talk about gene-culture coevolution, secret of accelerated evolution of human brain. The further studies leads to the vision of new human science- the consilience of disciplines that were previously unconnected but their common ground is the mind. That is a new anthropology that wants to discover predispositions on which ethical precepts are based and in that way create a sophisticated form of social engineering. Facing these reflections based on scientific materialism there is a necessity to confront such pressing issues on the field of philosophy, which takes into account spiritual dimension (and free will) of human being as undoubted virtue given by God (Absolute).