Published: 2026-09-28

Processing of Data in Digital Form by Church Entities – de lege lata and de lege ferenda postulates

Kinga Karsten
Prawo Kanoniczne
Section: Articles and dissertations
DOI https://doi.org/10.21697/pk.2026.69.3.04

Abstract

The problem addressed: The lack of a nationwide ecclesiastical legal framework regulating the digital processing of personal data in Poland, particularly concerning electronic parochial registers, creates a significant legal gap.

The aim of the research conducted: To demonstrate how the provisions intended to address the legal gap in can. 19 CIC, in conjunction with acts of particular canon law and the practice of the Church Data Protection Officer, can serve to temporarily fill this gap and protect the rights of the faithful.

Methods: This study employed a dogmatic and functional analysis of documents issued by the Polish Bishops' Conference, including the 2018 Decree, the 1947 regulations, and selected diocesan acts. It also utilized analogy-based reasoning grounded in can. 19 CIC, along with an analysis of "soft law" and established practices.

The results of the research:  The results indicate that, despite the absence of nationwide regulations governing digital data processing within the Catholic Church in Poland, existing norms of canon law, including those concerning data protection, permit, through analogy, the application of traditional principles governing parochial record-keeping to IT systems.

The conclusions drawn from the research: There is an urgent need for a nationwide ecclesiastical regulation that would update or replace the 1947 provisions. Such a regulation should, among other things, establish minimum technical standards, strengthen the role of data protection officers, and mandate data protection impact assessments.

Keywords:

personal data protection, electronic processing, canon law, parochial registers, legal gap

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Citation rules

Karsten, K. (2026). Processing of Data in Digital Form by Church Entities – de lege lata and de lege ferenda postulates. Prawo Kanoniczne, 69(3), 65–84. https://doi.org/10.21697/pk.2026.69.3.04

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