RULES FOR COMPILING BIBLIOGRAPHIES, CITATIONS AND FOOTNOTES

applicable to the journal «Canon Law» starting from Volume 69 (2026)

Citation format in pdf

The Editorial Board accepts only those articles whose authors have formatted their work in accordance with the rules specified below.

Bibliographic Formatting Requirements

• The bibliography and references should be prepared according to the Chicago Style (The Chicago Manual of Style, Author–Date Style), including full bibliographic information for each cited source: edition, place of publication, and publisher.

• Citations and references to the literature and sources used should appear in parentheses within the text, indicating the author’s surname, year of publication, and page numbers.

• Footnotes should be used only to supplement the main argument of the text (for explanations, comments, observations, or additional information provided by the author).

• The DOI identifier assigned to a publication should be included in the bibliography.

• The following abbreviations should not be used: ibid., idem, op. cit.

Rules for Writing Bibliographies and Footnotes in the Chicago “Author–Date” Style

The Chicago Manual of Style, 17th ed.

1. Documents of the Church’s Magisterium

• Bibliography format: Author. Technical title of the document in the original language. Title of the Document, subject of the document, date of issue. Place and date of promulgation (publication): page numbers. Translation: … (=abbreviation of the document used in the text).

a) Bibliography:

Benedictus PP XVI. Adhortatio apostolica postsynodalis Verbum Dei de Verbo Dei in vita et in missionae Eclesiae, 30.07.2010. AAS 102 (2010): 681-787. Translation: Benedykt XVI. 2010. Posynodalna Adhortacja apostolska Verbum Dei o Słowie Bożym w życiu i misji Kościoła. Poznań: Pallotinum (=VD).

Catechismo della Chiesa Cattolica. 1992. Città del Vaticano: Libreria Editrice Vaticana (=CCC).

Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life. Economy at the service of the Charism and Mission. Boni dispensatores multiformis gratiae Dei – Guidelines, 6.01.2018. Città del Vaticano: Libreria Editrice Vaticana (=BDMGD).

Ioannes Paulus PP II. Adhortatio apostolica post-synodalis Pastores gregis de Episcopo ministro Evangelii Iesu Christi pro mundi spe, 16.10.2003. AAS 96 (2004): 826-924. Translation: Jan Paweł II. 2006. Posynodalna Adhortacja apostolska Pastores gregis o biskupiej posłudze Ewangelii Jezusa Chrystusa dla nadziei świata. In Ustrój hierarchiczny Kościoła. Wybór źródeł, edited by Wiesław Kacprzyk and Mirosław Sitarz, 310-400. Lublin: Wydawnictwo KUL (=PG).

Sacrosanctum Concilium Oecumenicum Vaticanum II. Decretum Presbyterorum ordinis de presbyterorum ministerio et vita, 7.12.1965. AAS 58 (1966): 991-1024. Translation: Sobór Watykański II. 2002. Dekret Presbyterorum ordinis o posłudze i życiu kapłanów. In Sobór Watykański II. Konstytucje, dekrety, deklaracje, 478-507. Poznań: Pallotinum (=PO).

• In the citation, the abbreviation of the document (and, if applicable, the author) should be provided, along with the document number or page number.

b) Citation:

(VD 50)

(PO 10)

(PG 15)

(CCC 1122)

(BDMGD 10)

1a. Romanae Rotae Decisiones

a) Bibliography:

Dec. c. Pinto, 30.07.1969. SRRD 61 (1969): 27-38.

b) Citation:

(c. Pinto 1969, 27)

2. Code of Canon Law

• The Latin abbreviation of the code should be used (CIC, CCEO).

a) Bibliography:

Codex Canonum Ecclesiarum Orientalium auctoritate Ioannis Pauli PP. II promulgatus, 18.10.1990. AAS 82 (1990): 1034-1363. Translation: Kodeks Kanonów Kościołów Wschodnich. 2002. Edited by Leszek Adamowicz and Marzena Dyjakowska. Lublin: Wydawnictwo Archidiecezji Lubelskiej “Gaudium” (=CCEO).

Codex Iuris Canonici auctoritate Ioannis Pauli PP. II promulgatus, 25.01.1983. AAS 75/II (1983): V-XXX. 1-317. Translation: Kodeks Prawa Kanonicznego. Komentarz. 2023. 2^nd ed., edited by Piotr Majer. Warszawa: Wolters Kluwer (=CIC/83).

Codex Iuris Canonici Pii X Pontificis Maximi iussu digestus Benedicti Papae XV auctoritate promulgatus, 27.05.1917. AAS 9/II (1917): 2-521 (=CIC/17).

• If the study refers to both Codes of the Latin Church, the following abbreviations should be used: CIC/17, can. 1; CIC/83, can. 1. When only one Code is used, the abbreviation can. 1 should be applied.

b) Citation:

(can. 1; 2; 4)

(can. 6 §1, 1⁰)

(CIC/17, can. 10; CIC/83, can. 20) – when the text refers to two CIC.

3. Collections of Laws and Theological Works

a) Bibliography:

Friedberg, Aemiuluis, ed. 1959. Corpus Iuris Canonici. Graz: Akademichse Druck – U. Verlagsanstalt.

Bonifatius VIII, Liber Sextus. In Corpus Iuris Canonici. 1959. Vol. 2, edited by Aemilius Friedberg, 929-1124. Graz: Akademichse Druck – U. Verlagsanstalt.

Gratianus, Decretum. In Corpus Iuris Canonici. 1959. Vol. 1, edited by Aemilius Friedberg. Graz: Akademichse Druck – U. Verlagsanstalt.

• Sources of canon law should be cited in accordance with generally accepted conventions (e.g., Ochoa, Xavier, and Aloisio Diez. 1965. Indices Canonum, Titulorum et Capitulorum Corporis Iuris Canonici. Rome: Institutum Iuridicum Claretianum).

b) Citation:

VI. 5[liber].11[titulus].12[capitulum] (VI. 5.11.12.)

(Regulae Iuris = VI. R.J. reg. 45)

a) Bibliography:

Mommsen, Theodor, and Paul Krueger, eds. 2014. Corpus Iuris Civilis. Vol. 1. Institutiones et Digesta. Cambridge: University Press.

Krueger, Paul, ed. 2014. Corpus Iuris Civilis. Vol. 2. Codex Iustinianus. Cambridge: University Press.

Schoell, Rudolf, and Wilhelm Kroll, eds. 2014. Corpus Iuris Civilis. Vol. 3. Novellae. Cambridge: University Press.

• Legal sources should be cited in accordance with generally accepted conventions (e.g., Ochoa, Xavier, and Aloisio Diez. 1965. Indices Titulorum et Legum Corporis Iuris Civilis. Rome: Institutum Iuridicum Claretianum).

b) Citation:

(I. 1[liber]. 13[titulus]. 2[paragraphum].=I. 1.13.2)

a) Bibliography:

Thomas de Aquino. 1888. Summa Theologiae, edited by Robert Busa and Enrique Alarcón. https://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth3183.html#46455. Accessed: 30 June 2025.

b) Citation:

STh II-II, q. 23, a. 3, ad 1.

4. National Legal Acts

• Citations should include the type and year of the act, in accordance with the convention adopted in the respective country.

5. Legal Acts Designated as Codes

• Citations should refer to the initials forming the name of the code, following the convention adopted in the respective country.

6. European Union Legal Acts

• Citations should include the type and number of the act, as well as the place of publication, in accordance with the convention adopted in the respective country.

7. International Legal Acts

• Citations should include the type of document, the date of signature, and the place of publication.

a) Bibliography:

Konkordat między Stolicą Apostolską i Rzecząpospolitą Polską, podpisany w Warszawie dnia 28 lipca 1993 r. (Dz. U. 1998 r. nr 51, poz. 318).

b) Citation:

(Konkordat 1993, art. 1)

8. Book with One Author

• Format: Surname, First Name. Year of Publication. Title of the Work. Edition number (in English). Place of Publication: Publisher.

a) Bibliography:

Cappello, Felix M. 1950. De matrimonio. Vol. 5. of Tractatus canonico-moralis de sacramententis. Taurini: Marietti.

Krukowski, Józef. 2008. Polskie prawo wyznaniowe. 4^th ed. Warszawa: LexisNexis.

Urrutia, Francisco J. 1994. Les normes génerales. Commentaire de canons 1-203. Paris: Editions Tardy.

b) Citation:

(Cappello 1950, 220-221)

(Krukowski 2008, 78-87, 90).

(Urrutia 1994, 35, 38)

9. Book with One Editor

• A book with an editor in place of an author uses the abbreviation ed.

a) Bibliography:

Daum, Meghan, ed. 2015…………

b) Citation:

(Daum 2015, 30)

10. Chapter or Other Part of an Edited Book

• In the bibliography, the page range of the chapter or section should be provided. In the text, cite specific page numbers. Format: Surname, First Name. Year of Publication. “Title of the Chapter.” In Title of the Book, edited by First Name Surname (editor/s), page range. Edition number. Place of Publication: Publisher.

a) Bibliography:

Canosa, Javier. 1995. “De los rescriptos.” In Comentario Exegético al Código de Derecho Canónico. Vol. 1, edited by Angel Marzoa, Jorge Miras, and Rafael Rodrígez-Ocaña, 588-648. Pamplona: Ediciones Universidad de Navarra, S.A.

Renken, John A. 2000. “Bishops.” In New Commentary on the Code of Canon Law, edited by John P. Beal, James A. Coriden, and Thomas J. Green, 511-46. New York–Mahwah: Paulist Press.

b) Citation:

(Canosa 1995, 340)

(Renken 2000, 513-514)

11. Book with Two or Three Authors (Editors)

a) Bibliography:

De Paolis, Velasio, and Andrea D’Auria. 2014. Le Norme Generali. Commento al Codice di Diritto Canonico. 2^nd ed. Città del Vaticano: Urbaniana University Press.

Caparros, Ernest, Michel Thériault, and Jean Thorn, eds. 2004. Code of Canon Law Annotated. Montreal: Midwest Theological Forum, Wilson & Lafleur.

b) Citation:

(De Paolis and D’Auria 2014, 45)

(Caparros, Thériault and Thorn 2004, 242-255)

12. Book with Four or More Authors

• For a book with four or more authors, all authors should be listed in the bibliography. The order of words and punctuation is the same as for works with two or three authors.In the text, only the surname of the first listed author should be cited, followed by et al. (“and others”).

Citation:

(Franco et al. 1994, 50)

13. Book with an Author and an Editor or Translator

• In the bibliography, do not abbreviate expressions such as “edited by…” or “translated by…”. These should be written out in full in English. Format: Surname, First Name. Year of Publication. Title of the Work. Translated by First Name Surname. Place of Publication: Publisher.

a) Bibliography:

Mörsdorf, Klaus. 2008. Fondamenti del Diritto Canonico. Translated by Stefano Testa Bappenheim. Venezia: Marcianum Press s.r.l.

b) Citation:

(Mörsdorf 2008, 55)

14. Book with Multiple Places of Publication

• When two or more cities are listed (e.g., London and New York), only the first should be included in the reference.

a) Bibliography:

Henn, Thomas Rice. 1970. The Bible as Literature. London: Lutterworth.

b) Citation:

(Henn 1970, 25)

15. Book in a Series

• As a rule, the editors of the series are omitted. However, if they are to be included, their names should appear after the title of the series.

a) Bibliography:

Wauchope, Robert. 1950. A Tentative Sequence of Pre-Classic Ceramics in Middle America. Middle American Research Records 1/14. New Orlean, LA: Tulane University.

Allen, Judith. 2009. The Feminism of Charlotte Perkins: Sexualities, Histories, Progressivism. Women in Culture and Society, edited by Catharine R. Stimpson. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

b) Citation:

(Wauchape 1950, 23)

(Allen 2009, 32)

16. Two or More Publishers

a) Bibliography:

Lévi-Strauss, Claude. 1962. The Savage Mind. Chicago: University of Chicago Press; London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson.

b) Citation:

(Lévi-Strauss 1962, 50)

17. E-book

• For books available online, the bibliography should include the URL or the name of the database/source. For other types of e-books, the file format should be indicated. If fixed page numbers are not available, cite the section title, chapter number, or another identifiable number in the text (or simply omit it if none exists).

a) Bibliography:

Austen, Jane. 2007. Pride and Prejudice. New York: Penguin Classics. Kindle.

Borel, Brooke. 2016. The Chicago Guide to Fact-Checking. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ProQuest Ebrary.

Kurland, Philip B., and Ralph Lerner, eds. 1987. The Founders’ Constitution. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. http://press-pubs.uchicago.edu/founders/. Accessed: 30 June 30 2025.

Melville, Herman. 1851. Moby-Dick; or, The Whale. New York: Harper & Brothers. http://mel.hofstra.edu/moby-dick-the-whale-proofs.html. Accessed: 30 June 2025.

b) Citation:

(Austen 2007, chap. 3)

(Borel 2016, 92)

(Kurland and Lerner 1987, chap. 10, doc. 19)

(Melville 1851, 627)

18. Ancient Authors

• The names of ancient authors may be written either in Latin or in English. However, one language should be used consistently throughout the text.

a) Bibliography:

Origenes. De principiis. In Origène. 1980. Traité des principes. Vol. 3. Livres III et IV. Texte critique et traduction, edited by Henri Crouzel and Marco Simonetti. Sources Chrétiennes 268. Paris: Cerf.

Epictetus. 1916. Dissertationes, edited by Heinrich Schenkl. Stuttgart: Teubner.

b) Citation:

(Origenes, De principiis 4.3.13–14) lub (Orig., Princ. 4.3.13–14)

(Epictetus, Diss. 17)

• If the chapter or sentence clearly indicates which author is being discussed, it is not necessary to provide the author’s full name. For example, when writing about Philo, the reference to the work should be given immediately (e.g., Somn. 1.7–5). However, the authors’ names must be included when referring comparatively to the same idea in other authors (cf. Iren., Haer. 1.14.1; Orig., Princ. 4.3.13). When a larger number of references are cited, they should be placed in a footnote.

• If an ancient work does not have a commonly accepted numbering system in its critical edition, the reference should include, after a semicolon, the abbreviation of the cited edition (e.g., PG, PL, CSEL, GNO), followed by the volume number and the page or column number.

a) Bibliografia:

Gregorius Nazianzenus, Oratio (Gregorius Nazianzenus). 1857. “Orationes.” In Patrologiae cursus completus, series graeca, edited by Jacques Paul Migne, vol. 35. 395–1252. Paris: Migne.

b) Citation:

(Gregorius Nazianzenus, Oratio 13; PG 35, 856b) lub (Greg. Naz., Or. Theol. 13; PG 35, 856b)

19. Journal Article

• Format: Surname, First Name. Year of Publication. “Title of the Article.” Title of the Journal volume (issue): page range. DOI (if available).

a) Bibliography:

Rees, Wilhelm. 2021. “Pastoral Care for Migrants. Canonical and Religious Related Legal Requirements on Asylum and on the Change of Religion.” Ecumeny and Law 9(2): 41-69. DOI: 10.31261/EaL.2021.09.2.02.

• When only the issue number is used, it is separated from the journal title by a comma and is not enclosed in parentheses.

Feinberg, Joel. 1970. “The Nature and Value of Rights.” The Journal of Values Enquiry, no. 4: 243-257. DOI: 10.1007/BF00137935.

b) Citation:

(Rees 2021, 34-36)

(Feinberg 1970, 245)

20. News or Press Articles

a) Bibliography:

Kauffman, Stanley. 1989. Review of A Dry White Season (film), directed by Euzhan Paley. New Republic, October 9, 1989, 24–25.

Meikle, James. 2015. “Nearly 75% of Men and 65% of Women in UK to Be Overweight by 2030—Study.” Guardian (UK edition), 5 May 2015. http://www.theguardian.com/society/2015/may/05/obesity-crisis-projections-uk-2030-men-women. Accesed: 27 June 2025.

b) Citation:

(Meikle 2015)

(Kauffman 1989, 24)

21. Book review

a) Bibliography:

Dzierżon, Ginter. 2025. “Sara Menzinger. 2023. Finzioni del diritto medievale.” Macerata: Quodlibet srl. Prawo Kanoniczne 68(2): 149-155.

b) Citation:

(Dzierżon 2025, 150)

22. Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

a) Bibliography:

Auguścik, Mariusz. 2017. “Epikeja w prawie kanonicznym.” PhD diss. (in canon law), Uniwersytet Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego w Warszawie.

b) Citation:

(Auguścik 2017, 113-124)

23. Bibliographic Entries by the Same Author(s) from the Same Year

• Two or more works by the same author published in the same year must be distinguished by adding the letters a, b, and so on (regardless of whether the works were written, edited, compiled, or translated). Such entries are listed alphabetically by title.

a) Bibliography:

Fogel, Robert William. 2004a. The Escape from Hunger and Premature Death, 1700-2100: Europe, America, and the Third World. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Fogel, Robert William. 2004b. “Technophysio Evolution and the Measurement of Economic Growth.” Journal of Evolutionary Economics 14(2): 217-221. DOI: 10.1007/s00191-004-0188-x.

b) Citation:

(Fogel 2004a, 45–46)

(Fogel 2004b, 218)

24. References/Footnotes for Direct Quotations

• Although the source of a quotation usually follows the direct quote, it may also precede it—especially when such placement allows the author’s name to appear together with the date.

As Edward Tufte points out, “A graphical element may carry data information and also

perform a design function usually left to non-data-ink” (2001, 139).

or

As Edward Tufte (2001, 139) points out, “A graphical element may carry data information

and also perform a design function usually left to non-data-ink.”

• When the source of a block quotation is provided in parentheses at the end of the quotation, the opening parenthesis appears after the final punctuation mark of the quoted material. The closing parenthesis is neither preceded nor followed by a period.

If you happen to be fishing, and you get a strike, and whatever it is starts off with the preliminaries of a vigorous fight; and by and by, looking down over the side through the glassy water, you see a rosy golden gleam, the mere specter of a fish, shining below in the clear depths; and when you look again a sort of glory of golden light flashes and dazzles as it circles nearer beneath and around and under the boat; … and you land a slim and graceful and impossibly beautiful three-foot goldfish, whose fierce and vivid yellow is touched around the edges with a violent red—when all these things happen to you, fortunate but bewildered fisherman, then you may know you have been fishing in the Galapagos Islands and have taken a Golden Grouper. (Pinchot 1930, 123)