PRAWO RZYMSKIE I STORYTELLING, CZYLI O TOPOSIE GRECKIEJ GENEZY USTAWY XII TABLIC

Radosław Miśkiewicz

doi:10.21697/zp.2023.23.4.03

Published: 2023-12-27

Vol. 23 No. 4 (2023)

Roman Law and Storytelling: On the Topos of the Greek Origins of the Twelve Tables

Radosław Miśkiewicz

Zeszyty Prawnicze

Section: Artykuły

https://doi.org/10.21697/zp.2023.23.4.03

Abstract

In this paper I examine the ancient sources which say that the Twelve Tables were drawn up on the basis of the laws of the Greek poleis, and in particular the laws of Solon. These norms were said to have been acquired for the Decemvirs during a Roman embassy to poleis in Greece or Italy. There is also a tradition which says that one Hermodoros, an exile from Ephesus, assisted the Decemvirs in their work. In contrast to earlier scholars, my aim is not to prove the historicity or probability of such an embassy, nor to examine the potential impact of Solon’s laws on the Twelve Tables. Instead, I am interested in law perceived as the product of the culture which gave rise to the topos of lawmaking in the sphere of its imagination. I have adapted the narrative patterns Andrew Szegedy-Maszak presents relating to the nomothetai (the Greek archaic lawgivers) to the history of the origins of the Twelve Tables and the contention between the patricians and plebeians of Rome. I apply the storytelling methodology to gauge the value of these narratives to assess how much the Romans knew about their own laws, the Greek lawgivers and ‘Greek law.’

Keywords:

The Twelve Tables;, Roman law;, the Decemvirate;, Solon;, Hermodoros of Ephesus;, the archaic lawgivers;, Livy;, storytelling.

Download files

PDF (Język Polski)

Citation rules

Miśkiewicz, R. (2023). Roman Law and Storytelling: On the Topos of the Greek Origins of the Twelve Tables. Zeszyty Prawnicze, 23(4), 69–109. https://doi.org/10.21697/zp.2023.23.4.03

Cited by / Share

References

ADCOCK F.E., Literary Tradition and Early Greek Code-Makers, «Cambridge Historical Journal» 2/1927, s. 95-109.
Google Scholar

ALONSO J.L., The Status of Peregrine Law in Roman Egypt. ‘Customary law’ and Legal Pluralism in the Roman Empire, «The Journal of Juristic Papyrology» 41/2013, s. 351-404.
Google Scholar

ANDREWES A., Eunomia, «CQ» 32.2/1938, s. 89-102.
Google Scholar

ANKER E.S., MEYLER B., Introduction, [w:] New Directions in Law and Literature, red. E.S. ANKER, B. MEYLER, New York 2017, s. 1-32.
Google Scholar

ARNAOUTOGLOU I.N., The Greek text of D. 47.22.4.(Gai 4 ad legem duodecim tabularum) reconsidered, «Legal Roots» 5/2016, s. 87-120.
Google Scholar

ASSMANN J., Pamięć kulturowa. Pismo, zapamiętywanie i polityczna tożsamość w cywilizacjach starożytnych, przeł. A. KRYCZYŃSKAPHAM, red. R. TRABA, Warszawa 2008.
Google Scholar

BALOGH E., Cicero and the Greek Law, [w:] Scritti in onore di C. Ferrini, III, Milano 1948, s. 1-27.
Google Scholar

BAUMBACH M., Protos heuretes, [w:] Der Neue Pauly. Enzyklopädie der Antike, red. H. CANCIK, H. SCHNEIDER, Stuttgart 2001.
Google Scholar

CASCIONE C., Il contesto storico della legislazione decemvirale, [w:] XII Tabulae. Testo e commento, red. M.F. CURSI, I, Napoli 2018, s. 1-30.
Google Scholar

CHITWOOD Z., Byzantine Legal Culture and the Roman Legal Tradition, 867-1056, Cambridge 2017.
Google Scholar

CLINTON K., The nature of the late fifth-century revision of the Athenian law-code, [w:] Studies in Attic Epigraphy, History and Topography Presented to Eugene Vanderpool. Hesperia Suppl. 19, Princeton 1982, s. 27-37.
Google Scholar

CORNFORD F.M., Thucydides Mythistoricus, London 1907.
Google Scholar

CORNELL T.J., The Beginnings of Rome. Italy and Rome from the Bronze Age to the Punic Wars (c. 1000-264 BC), London-New York 1995.
Google Scholar

D’ANGOUR A., The Greeks and the New. Novelty in Ancient Imagination and Experience, Cambridge 2011.
Google Scholar

DILIBERTO O., La palingenesi della legge delle XII Tavole e le codificazioni a domino, [w:] Dallo Stirone al Tigri, dal Tevere all’Eufrate. Studi in onore Claudio Saporetti, red. P.N. SCAFA, S. VIAGGIO, Roma 2009, s. 119-148.
Google Scholar

DUCOS M., L’influence grecque sur la loi des douze tables, Paris 1978.
Google Scholar

DREHER M., Die Rechtskultur der Westgriechen, [w:] Transferts culturels et droits dans le monde grec et hellénistique, red. B. LEGRAS, Paris 2012, s. 63-78.
Google Scholar

EDER W., The Political Significance of the Codification of Law in Archaic Societies: An Unconventional Hypothesis, [w:] Social Struggles in Archaic Rome. New Perspectives on the Conflict of the Orders, red. K.A. RAAFLAUB, Hoboken 2005, s. 239-267.
Google Scholar

FERENCZY E., La legge delle XII Tavole e le codificazioni greche, [w:] Sodalitas: Smriti in onore di Antonio Guarino, IV, Napoli 1984, s. 2001-2012.
Google Scholar

FINLEY M.I., The Problem of the Unity of Greek Law, [w:] The Use and Abuse of History, red. M.I. FINLEY, London 1987, s. 134-152.
Google Scholar

FORYSTHE G., A Critical History of Early Rome. From Prehistory to the First Punic War, Berkley-Los Angeles-London 2005.
Google Scholar

FÖGEN M.-T., Das römische Zwölftafelgesetz. Eine imaginierte Wirklichkeit, [w:] Kodifizierung und Legitimierung des Rechts in der Antike, red. M. WITTE, M.-T. FÖGEN, Wiesbaden 2005, s. 45-70.
Google Scholar

FÖGEN M.-T., Römische Rechtsgeschichten. Über Ursprung und Evolution eines sozialen Systems, Göttingen 2002.
Google Scholar

FUKS A., The Ancestral Constitution: Four Studies in Athenian Party Politics at the End of the Fifth Century B.C, Westport 1971.
Google Scholar

GAGARIN M., Storytelling about the Lawgiver in the Athenian Orators, «Cahiers des etudes anciennes» 57/2020, s. 33-44.
Google Scholar

HAHM D.E., The Mixed Constitution in Greek Thought, [w:] A Companion to Greek and Roman Political Thought, red. R.K. BALOT, Hoboken 2013, s. 286-313.
Google Scholar

HANSEN M.H., Demokracja w czasach Demostenesa. Struktura, zasady i ideologia, tłum. R. KULESZA, Warszawa 1999.
Google Scholar

HARRIES J., Roman Law Codes and the Roman Legal Tradition, [w:] Beyond Dogmatics Law and Society in the Roman World, red. J.W. CAIRNS, P. DU PLESSIS, Edinburgh 2007, s. 85-104.
Google Scholar

HARRIS E.M., Solon and the spirit of the laws in Archaic and Classical Greece, [w:] Solon of Athens. New Historical and Philological Approaches, red. J.H. BLOK, A.P.M.H. LARDINOIS, Leiden-Boston 2006, s. 290-320.
Google Scholar

HARRIS E.M., Some Recent Developments in the Study of Ancient Greek Law, «Journal of Ancient Civilizations» 33.2/2018, s. 188-194.
Google Scholar

HERNÁNDEZ J.J.B., La creación de Solón: la transformación de la figura del ateniense a lo largo de los siglos V-IV a. C., [w:] Antigüedad in progress. Actas dels I Congreso Internacional de Jóvenes Investigadores del Mundo Antiguo (CIJMA I), red. P.D.C. NAVARRO, J.J.M. GARCÍAS, M.S. MONDÉJAR, C.M.V.L.G. CARRERAS, Murcia 2017, s. 111-133.
Google Scholar

HÖLKESKAMP K.-J., Charondas, [w:] Der Neue Pauly, II, Tübingen 1997, s. 1109-1110.
Google Scholar

HÖLKESKAMP K.-J., Lawgivers and the Codification of Law in Archaic Greece, «Mètis» 7.1-2/1992, s. 49-81.
Google Scholar

HÖLKESKAMP K.-J., What’s in a Code? Solon’s Laws between Complexity, Compilation and Contingency, «Hermes» 133.3/2005, s. 280-293.
Google Scholar

JOYCE C.J., Amnesty and Reconciliation in Late Fifth-Century Athens. The Rule of Law under Restored Democracy, Edinburgh 2022.
Google Scholar

LENGAUER W., Hasło „dobrego porządku” w ideologii i życiu politycznym Grecji okresu archaicznego, [w:] Świat antyczny. Stosunki społeczne, ideologia i polityka, religia. Studia ofiarowane Izie Bieżuńskiej-Małowist w pięćdziesięciolecie pracy naukowej przez jej uczniów, red. B. BRAVO, J. KOLENDO, W. LENGAUER, Warszawa 1988, s. 190-187.
Google Scholar

LEWANDOWSKA D., Obrona czci kobiety obroną czci państw, [w:] Pogranicza literatury. Sztuka słowa w kontekście innych sztuk, red. A.M. KOBRZYCKA, Łódź 2016, s. 105-129.
Google Scholar

LEWIS J., Early Greek lawgivers, London 2007.
Google Scholar

ŁOŚ J.S., Prawo XII Tablic, «Głos Prawa. Przegląd Prawniczy Allerhanda» 5.2(10)/2022, tekst dostępny online na stronie czasopisma (przygotowany do druku na podstawie rękopisu i maszynopisu przez M. Jońcę), https://www.glosprawa.pl/artykul-284/prawo-xii-tablic
Google Scholar

MONTEVERDI D., Le XII tavole e la questione dell’ambasceria 2018, «IURA» 66/2018, s. 392-453.
Google Scholar

MOORE K., Rome’s Decemviral Commission to Greece: Fact, Fiction or Otherwise?, «Athens Journal of History» 5.2/2018, s. 123-134.
Google Scholar

OGILVIE R.M., A commentary on Livy. Books 1-5, Oxford 1965.
Google Scholar

PERELLÓ C.F.A., The Twelve Tables and the Leges Regiae: A Problem of Validity, [w:] Roman Law Before The Twelve Tables. An Interdisciplinary Approach, red. S.W. BELL, P.J. DU PLESSIS, Edinburgh 2020, s. 57-76.
Google Scholar

PERELLÓ C.F.A., Twelve Tables, [w:] Oxford Classical Dictionary, Oxford 2017.
Google Scholar

RUSCHENBUSCH E., Die Zwölftafeln und die römische Gesandtschaft nach Athen, «Historia» 12/1963, s. 250-253.
Google Scholar

SAGSTETTER K.S., Solon of Athens: The Man, the Myth, the Tyrant?, University of Pennsylvania 2013.
Google Scholar

SCHANBACHER D., Zum Phänomen der Rechtsrezeption in der Antike, «ZSS» 137/2020, s. 1-38.
Google Scholar

SIEWERT P., Die angebliche Übernahme solonischer Gesetze in die Zwölftafeln. Ursprung und Ausgestaltung einer Legende, «Chiron» 8/1978, s. 331-344.
Google Scholar

SKALEC A., Prawo sąsiedzkie w świetle papirusów z Egiptu grecko-rzymskiego, Warszawa 2015.
Google Scholar

SMITH G., Early Greek Codes, «CP» 17/1922, s. 187-201.
Google Scholar

STEINBERG M., The Twelve Tables and Their Origins: An Eighteenth-Century Debate, «Journal of the History of Ideas» 43.3/1982, s. 379-396.
Google Scholar

SZEGEDY-MASZAK A., Legends of the Greek Lawgivers, «Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies» 19/1978, s. 199-209.
Google Scholar

SZYMAŃSKA A., Dwanaście kolumn z Gortyny — historia odkrycia, «Acta Universitatis Wratislaviensis» 3799, Prawo 314, Wrocław 2017, s. 11-23.
Google Scholar

SCHUBERT CH., Heraklit und die ionischen Isonomien, [w:] Heraklit im Kontext, red. E. FANTINO, U. MUSS, CH. SCHUBERT, K. SIER, Berlin 2017, s. 1-19.
Google Scholar

THOMAS R., Oral Tradition and Written Record in Classical Athens, Cambridge 1989.
Google Scholar

TUCCILLO F., Strani decemviri: Pomponio, le XII tavole e interpretazioni (pseudo)storiche nel diritto bizantino, «KOINΩNIA» 44.2/2020, s. 1537-1548.
Google Scholar

TUCCILLO F., Typographic Art and Roman Law: A Renaissance Image of the Lex II Tabularum, [w:] History of Law and Other Humanities. Views of the Legal World Across the Time, red. V. AMORSI, V.M. MINALE, Dykinson 2019, s. 69-80.
Google Scholar

URBANIK J., O regułach prawnych w Egipcie albo jak się rodzi reguła, «Zeszyty Prawnicze» 20.4/2020, s. 111-148.
Google Scholar

WATSON A., From Legal Transplants to Legal Formants, «American Journal of Comparative Law» 43/3/1995, s. 469–476.
Google Scholar

WESTBROOK R., The Nature and Origins of the Twelve Tables, «ZSS» 105/1988, s. 74-121.
Google Scholar

WĘCOWSKI M., Demokracja ateńska w epoce klasycznej, [w:] Historia starożytnych Greków, II: Okres klasyczny, red. B. BRAVO, M. WĘCOWSKI, E. WIPSZYCKA, A. WOLICKI, Warszawa 2009, s. 61-233.
Google Scholar

WIEACKER F., Solon und die XII Tafeln, [w:] Studi in onore di Edoardo Volterra, III, Milano 1971, s. 757-784.
Google Scholar

WIPSZYCKA E., Państwo rzymskie a chrześcijaństwo do początków IV wieku, [w:] Starożytny Rzym we współczesnych badaniach. Państwo – Społeczeństwo – Gospodarka. Liber in memoriam Lodovici Piotrowicz, red. J. WOLSKI, T. KOTULA, A. KUNISZ, Kraków 1994, s. 149-189.
Google Scholar

WOŁODKIEWICZ W., Greckie wpływy na powstanie Ustawy XII Tablic (na marginesie glosy Accursiusa do D. 1,2,2,4), «PK» 37.3-4/1994, s. 39-45.
Google Scholar

WOŁODKIEWICZ W., ZABŁOCKA M., Prawo rzymskie. Instytucje7, Warszawa 2023.
Google Scholar

Vademecum historyka Starożytnej Grecji i Rzymu. Źródłoznawstwo starożytności klasycznej2, red. E. WIPSZYCKA, I-II, Warszawa 2001.
Google Scholar

ZABŁOCKA M., Pierwsza palingenezja Ustawy XII tablic, «PK» 36.3-4/1993, s. 149-155.
Google Scholar

ZABŁOCKA M., Ustawa XII tablic. Rekonstrukcje doby renesansu, Warszawa 1998.
Google Scholar

ZABŁOCKA M., ZABŁOCKI J., Ustawa XII Tablic. Tekst. Tłumaczenie. Objaśnienia3, Warszawa 2013.
Google Scholar

ZYGMUNTOWICZ D., Praktyka polityczna. Od „Państwa” do „Praw” Platona, Toruń 2011.
Google Scholar

ZIÓŁKOWSKI A., Historia Rzymu, Poznań 2008.
Google Scholar