The European Green Deal is the main EU strategic document on climate policy and sustainable development. It postulates a reduction of 90% GHG by 2050 in the transport sector, especially by the implementation of the EU ETS limit for GHG on road and aviation transport. Te limit has already been applied in rail transport. To achieve these limits, the legislator, public authorities, infrastructure administrators, financial institutions and investors must undertake many different actions to enlarge and modernise rail transport. Their efforts should concentrate on the legal provisions to implement change in spatial planning, investment procedures, financing research and investments, digitalising maintenance systems, and changing citizens’ behavioural habits. The long time required to launch planning and investment procedures and lack of sufficient funds seem to be the biggest challenges to implementation. Public authorities have a significant role to play in finding solutions to all of these problems.
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