ODPOWIEDZIALNOŚĆ ZA SZKODY WYRZĄDZONE PRZEZ ZWIERZĘTA W UPRAWACH W EGIPCIE PTOLEMEJSKIM

Aneta Skalec

doi:10.21697/zp.2020.20.1.01

Published: 2020-06-30

Vol. 20 No. 1 (2020)

Liability in Ptolemaic Egypt for Damage to Crops Caused by Animals

Aneta Skalec

Zeszyty Prawnicze

Section: Artykuły

https://doi.org/10.21697/zp.2020.20.1.01

Abstract

Damage caused by animals was a constant problem in Ptolemaic Egypt. There are numerous papyrus documents including petitions, royal decrees, and ordinances on this issue. The picture that emerges from them is not fully clear. However, it seems that, contrary to what Roman law has accustomed us to, the way the damage was caused was not very important and did not aﬀect the scope of the liability. It was irrelevant whether the loss was caused by the animals themselves or whether it was instigated by the shepherd. There is no evidence in the papyri that in Egypt noxal liability was applicable for damage caused by animals, with the option of giving up the animal or paying compensation, as Modrzejewski would have it on the grounds of Greek sources. Liability for damage appears to have changed over time. While in the third century BC financial compensation was required for damaged crops, second-century BC sources say that the animals were confiscated. This change could have been caused by various factors, most likely the economic problems of those times.

Keywords:

illegal pasturage; compensation; confscation of animals; noxal liability; papyri; P. Tebt. I 27; P. Petr. III 26.

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Skalec, A. (2020). Liability in Ptolemaic Egypt for Damage to Crops Caused by Animals. Zeszyty Prawnicze, 20(1), 7–44. https://doi.org/10.21697/zp.2020.20.1.01

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