INSTYTUCJE I TERMINOLOGIA PRAWA ŚREDNIOWIECZNEJ SZKOCJI

Katarzyna  Jaworska-Biskup

doi:10.21697/zp.2020.20.1.02

Published: 2020-06-30

Vol. 20 No. 1 (2020)

Institutions and Terminology of Medieval Scottish Law

Katarzyna Jaworska-Biskup

Zeszyty Prawnicze

Section: Artykuły

https://doi.org/10.21697/zp.2020.20.1.02

Abstract

The article discusses the development of Scottish law from the earliest times to the fourteenth century. The division of Scottish law into periods is presented and brieﬂy commented on with a view of providing a historical and legal context. The following stages of Scottish law are delineated: a) the early period to the ninth century, b) the period from the ninth century to the thirteenth century, in which the newly established kingdom of Kenneth MacAlpin expanded, and c) the period of the Wars of Independence in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. The subsequent part of the paper presents major sources of medieval Scottish law and a catalogue of key concepts and institutions. The analysis encompasses the following branches of law: a) the structure of the royal court, b) family law, c) property and inheritance law, d) the law of obligations, e) criminal law, and f) procedural law. The focus is laid upon the laws of the Scottish Lowlands, Highlands, Islands, and Marches. A glossary of the Scottish legal terminology with Polish equivalents is attached in the appendix.

Keywords:

Scotland; Middle Ages; law; legal terminology.

Download files

PDF (Język Polski)

Citation rules

Jaworska-Biskup, K. . (2020). Institutions and Terminology of Medieval Scottish Law. Zeszyty Prawnicze, 20(1), 45–84. https://doi.org/10.21697/zp.2020.20.1.02

Cited by / Share

References

Anglo-Scottish relations, 1174–1328: some selected documents, przeł. E.L.G. Stones, London-Edinburgh 1965.
Google Scholar

Black’s law dictionary, red. B.A. Garner, St. Paul 2014.
Google Scholar

Broderick G., Celtic law in Scotland, [w:] Bausteine zum studium der keltologie, red. H. Birkham, Wien 2005, s. 396-397.
Google Scholar

Cáin Adamnáin An old Irish treatise on the law of Adamnan, red. K. Meyer, Oxford 1905.
Google Scholar

Cairns J.W., Historical introduction, [w:] A history of private law in Scotland Introduction and property, red. K. Reid, R. Zimmermann, Oxford 2000, s. 14-184.
Google Scholar

Clarkson T., Strathclyde and the Anglo-Saxons in the Viking age, Edinburgh 2014.
Google Scholar

Crawford B.E., The Scandinavian contribution to the development of the kingdom of Scotland, «Acta Archeologica» 71/2000, s. 123-134.
Google Scholar

Crawford B.E., Scandinavian Scotland, Leicester 1987.
Google Scholar

Dickinson W.C., Scotland from the earliest times to 1603, Oxford 1977.
Google Scholar

Dictionary of the Scots Language, 2004. Scottish Language Dictionaries Ltd.
Google Scholar

Fraser G.M., The steel bonnets: the story of the Anglo-Scottish border reivers, London 1995.
Google Scholar

The Gaelic Notes in the Book of Deer, red. K. Jackson, Cambridge 1972.
Google Scholar

Gauldie E., The Scottish country miller, 1700-1900: a history of water-powered meal milling in Scotland, Edinburgh 1981.
Google Scholar

Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru ‘A Dictionary of the Welsh Language’, available online at http://geiriadur.ac.uk.
Google Scholar

Gerald of Wales. The history and topography of Ireland, przeł. J.J. O’Meara, London 1982.
Google Scholar

Gibb A.D., Students’ glossary of Scottish legal terms, Edinburgh 1946.
Google Scholar

Gilbert J.M., Hunting and hunting reserves in medieval Scotland, Edinburgh 1979.
Google Scholar

Gildas De excidio Britanniae; or, the ruin of Britain, przeł. H. Williams (Edited for the Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion, 1899, reprinted by Dodo Press in 2010).
Google Scholar

Giraldi Cambrensis. Opera, red. J.F. Dimock, London 1868.
Google Scholar

Gordon W.M., Roman law in Scotland: the civil law tradition in Scotland, red. R. Evans-Jones, Edinburgh 1995, s. 13-40.
Google Scholar

Gordon E., Irregular marriage: myth and reality, «Journal of Social History» 47/2/2013, s. 507-525.
Google Scholar

Halliday J., Scotland: a concise history, Edinburgh 1996.
Google Scholar

Hogg J., The three perils of man, e-book published by Mosaicum.
Google Scholar

Jaworska-Biskup K., Polityka ustrojowa Edwarda I w Szkocji w latach wojen o niepodległość (1296-1328), «Krakowskie Studia z Historii Państwa i Prawa» 6/2/2013, s. 95-108.
Google Scholar

Jaworska-Biskup K., Anti-Irish, Welsh and Scottish propaganda in eleventh and twelfh-century Anglo-Norman writings, [w:] Disrespected neighbo(u)rs: cultural stereotypes in literature and film, red. C. Rosenthal, L. Volkmann, U. Zagratzki, Cambridge 2018, s. 114-126.
Google Scholar

Jaworska-Biskup K., Selected medieval literature from Wales, Scotland and England reﬂecting changes in Welsh and Scottish law, Szczecin 2018.
Google Scholar

John of Fordun’s chronicle of the Scottish nation, przeł. W.F. Skene, Edinburgh 1872.
Google Scholar

Jones M.R.H., Udal law and contested histories of land tenure and landscape in Orkney and Shetland, «Latvijas Zinatnu Akademijas Vestis. A Dala Humanitaras Zinatnes» 66.3/2012, s. 105-118.
Google Scholar

Jones M.R.H., Perceptions of udal law in Orkney and Shetland, [w:] Shetland’s northern links: language and history, red. D. Waugh, B. Smith, Edinburgh 1996, s. 186-204.
Google Scholar

Kelly F., A guide to early Irish law, Dublin 2016.
Google Scholar

Lach-Szyrma K., Anglia i Szkocja. Przypomnienia z podróży roku 1820-1824 odbytej, Warszawa 1981.
Google Scholar

Laing L., Laing J., The Picts and the Scots, Stroud 1993.
Google Scholar

The law of Hywel Dda: law texts from medieval Wales, red. D. Jenkins, Llandysul 1990.
Google Scholar

MacQueen H., Common law and feudal society in medieval Scotland, Edinburgh 2016.
Google Scholar

Maher G., ‘The most heinous of all crimes’: reﬂections on the structure of homicide in Scots law, [w:] Essays in criminal law in honour of Sir Gerald Gordon, red. J. Chalmers, F. Leverick, Edinburgh 2010, s. 218-240.
Google Scholar

Mattila H., Comparative legal linguistics: language of law, Latin and modern lingua francas, Farnham 2013.
Google Scholar

McKendrick v. Sinclair [1972] UKHL 9 (15 March 1972) http://www.bailii.org/uk/cases/UKHL/1972/1972_SC_HL_25.html.
Google Scholar

Modzelewski K., Barbarzyńska Europa, Warszawa 2004.
Google Scholar

Neilson G., Trial by combat, New York 1891.
Google Scholar

Neilson G., The March laws, [w:] Star society, miscellany one, red. T.I. Rae, Edinburgh 1971, s. 1-77.
Google Scholar

Nennius History of the Britons (Historia Brittonum), przeł. J.A. Giles, 2007.
Google Scholar

Neville C., Scottish inﬂuences on the medieval laws of the Anglo-Scottish Marches, «The Scottish Historical Review» 81.212/2002, s. 161-185.
Google Scholar

Neville C., Violence, custom and law: the Anglo-Scottish border lands in the later middle ages, Edinburgh 1998.
Google Scholar

O’Loughlin T., red., Adomnán at Birr, AD 697 Essays in commemoration of the law of the innocents, Dublin 2001.
Google Scholar

Pollock F., Maitland F.W., The history of English law before the time of Edward I, Cambridge 1978.
Google Scholar

Regiam Majestatem and Quoniam Attachiamenta based on the text of Sir John Skene, przeł. S.T.M. Cooper, Edinburgh 1947.
Google Scholar

Reid K., Property law: sources and doctrine, [w:] A history of private law in Scotland Introduction and property, red. K. Reid, R. Zimmermann, Oxford 2000, s. 212-214.
Google Scholar

Saga o Gretirze Wyklętym, przeł. H. Pietruszczak, Zgorzelec 2017.
Google Scholar

Samuel Johnson. A journey to the Western Islands of Scotland, red. P. Levi, London 1984.
Google Scholar

Scottish ballads, red. E. Lyle, Edinburgh 1994.
Google Scholar

The Scottish king’s household and other fragments from a fourteenth-century manuscript in the library of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, red. M. Bateson, Miscellany II, 1st ser., Vol. 45, Edinburgh 1904, s. 31-43.
Google Scholar

Sellar W.D.H., A historical perspective, [w:] The Scottish legal tradition, red. M.C. Meston, W.D.H. Sellar, Lord Cooper, Edinburgh 1991, s. 29-64.
Google Scholar

Sellar W.D.H., Law and lawyers, [w:] Oxford companion to Scottish history, red. M. Lynch, Oxford 2001, s. 382-385.
Google Scholar

Sellar W.D.H., Celtic law and Scots law: survival and integration, «Scottish Studies» 29/1989, s. 1-27.
Google Scholar

Sellar W.D.H., Law and institutions, Gaelic, [w:] Oxford companion to Scottish history, red. M. Lynch, Oxford 2001, s. 381-382.
Google Scholar

Sellar W.D.H., Marriage, divorce and concubinage in Gaelic Scotland, «Transactions of the Gaelic Society of Inverness» LI/1978-1980, s. 464-493.
Google Scholar

Sellar D., The family, [w:] A history of everyday life in medieval Scotland, 1000–1600, red. E.J. Cowan, L. Henderson, Edinburgh 2011, s. 89-108.
Google Scholar

Sellar W.D.H., Forethocht felony, malice aforethought and the classification of homicide, [w:] Legal history in the making Proceedings of the ninth British legal history conference, Glasgow 1989, red. W.M. Gordon, T.D. Fergus, London-Rio Grande 1991, s. 43-59.
Google Scholar

Sienkiewicz K., Dziennik podróży po Anglii, 1820-1821, Wrocław 1953.
Google Scholar

Six middle English romances, red. M. Mills, London 1973.
Google Scholar

Skene W.F., The Highlanders of Scotland: their origin, history and antiquities, London 1837.
Google Scholar

Stein P., The inﬂuence of Roman law on the law of Scotland, «Juridical Review» 75/1963, s. 205-245.
Google Scholar

Stępkowski A., Kształtowanie się szkockiego systemu prawa prywatnego do końca XVIII wieku, «Iuridica» 40/2002, s. 209-230.
Google Scholar

Stępkowski A., Kształtowanie się mieszanego systemu szkockiego prawa prywatnego w XIX i XX wieku, «Zeszyty Prawnicze» 2.1/2002, s. 57-92.
Google Scholar

Sójka-Zielińska K., Historia prawa, Warszawa 2011.
Google Scholar

Tacitus on Britain and Germany A new translation of the Agricola and the Germania, przeł. H. Mattingly, Harmondsworth 1948.
Google Scholar

Taylor A., Leges Scocie and the lawcodes of David I, William the Lion and Alexander II, «The Scottish Historical Review» 88.226/2009, s. 207-288.
Google Scholar

Taylor A., Crime without punishment: medieval Scottish law in comparative perspective, [w:] Legalism Community and justice, red. F. Pirie, J. Scheele, Oxford 2014, s. 287-304.
Google Scholar

Taylor A., The shape of the state in medieval Scotland, 1124-1290, Oxford 2016.
Google Scholar

Thomson S., Mixed jurisdiction and the Scottish legal tradition: reconsidering the concept of mixture, «Journal of Civil Law Studies» 7/2014, s. 51-91. Turgot Life of Saint Margaret, przeł. W. Forbes-Leith, Edinburgh 1884.
Google Scholar

Walker D.M., A legal history of Scotland, I: The beginnings to A D 1286, West Sussex 2007.
Google Scholar

Walter Bower A history book for Scots: selections from Scotichronicon, red. D. Watt, Edinburgh 2012.
Google Scholar

Whitaker I., Regal succession among the Dálriata, «Ethnohistory» 23/4/1976, s. 343-363.
Google Scholar

Wołodkiewicz W., Prawo rzymskie Słownik encyklopedyczny, Warszawa 1986.
Google Scholar

Woolf A., From Pictland to Alba, 789-1070, Edinburgh 2007.
Google Scholar

Wormald P., Anglo-Saxon law and Scots law, «The Scottish Historical Review» 88.2/2009, s. 192-206.
Google Scholar

Wormald J.M., Bloodfeud, kindred and government in early modern Scotland, «Past and Present» 54/1980, s. 54-97.
Google Scholar