RZYMSCY ŻOŁNIERZE I ICH NIEWOLNICY – SPECYFIKA WZAJEMNYCH RELACJI

Ireneusz Łuć

doi:10.21697/zp.2021.21.1.01

Published: 2021-03-13

Vol. 21 No. 1 (2021)

Roman Soldiers and their Slaves: the Specifics of their Mutual Relations

Ireneusz Łuć

Zeszyty Prawnicze

Section: Artykuły

https://doi.org/10.21697/zp.2021.21.1.01

Abstract

In ancient Rome slaves had no legal obligation to serve in the army, and they were not allowed to do so officially. This is borne out in Aelius Marcianus’ Regularia, which say that Ab omni militia servi prohibentur: alioquin capite puniuntur (slaves are prohibited on pain of death from rendering any kind of military service whatsoever: (Marc., 2 Reg; PIR² A 215; D. 49,16,11).

However, in practice – as extant records show – not only were slaves present in Roman military camps, but they actually attended their legal master during the latter’s military service. Moreover, there were situations when freedmen (ex-slaves who had been liberated in accordance with the legal regulations) joined the Roman army and were accorded the status of soldiers.

There were regulations in Roman law concerning slaves whose masters were serving in a variety of units of the Roman forces.

The aim of this article is to give an account of the relations between Roman citizens during their period of military service and their slaves, and also to determine the scope of the legal liability of the masters for any oﬀences or misdemeanours committed by their slaves during their period of military service.

Keywords:

slave; soldier; military service; peculium castrense.

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Łuć, I. (2021). Roman Soldiers and their Slaves: the Specifics of their Mutual Relations. Zeszyty Prawnicze, 21(1), 7–44. https://doi.org/10.21697/zp.2021.21.1.01

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