https://doi.org/10.21697/zp.2021.21.4.14
In the decision commented on in this article, the Supreme Court of the Republic of Poland ruled that the concept of a judge’s “participation” in a case, within the meaning of the grounds for exclusion given in Art. 40 § 1 point 3 of the Polish Code of Criminal Procedure, means that the judge sat on the bench hearing a case which was considered, in whole or at least in part with the participation of persons specified in Article 40 § 1 point 3 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, i.e. a case in which proceedings at least commenced or were in progress, or in which these persons undertook actions tantamount to taking a position on the case. I fnd this statement inadmissible. However, I concur with the Supreme Court’s ruling that a trainee legal adviser (aplikant adwokacki, aplikant radcowski) acting under the authority of a defence lawyer or representative is also a participant in the proceedings, and hence the exemption of a judge may apply pursuant to Article 40 § 1 point 3 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, even though the trainee appeared on the grounds of the authorisation issued by the defence lawyer and within the bounds of the authorisation.
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